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	  <titleStmt><title type="main">Gramadach Dhá-theangthach</title><author><name type="main">Tadhg O Coindealbháin</name></author><respStmt>
		<resp>Electronic edition compiled by</resp>
		<name>Foclóir na Nua-Ghaeilge</name>
		</respStmt>
	  </titleStmt><editionStmt>
                     <edition>
                         <note type="N">NL047</note>
                         <note type="L">iii</note>
                         <note type="B">1906</note>
                         <note type="C">Prós</note>
                         <note><p>Description of how and why changes were made</p></note>
                     </edition>
            </editionStmt><publicationStmt>
		<publisher>Foclóir na Nua-Ghaeilge</publisher>
		<pubPlace>19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2</pubPlace>
		<pubPlace>http://www.ria.ie/research/focloir-na-Nua-Ghaeilge.aspx</pubPlace><date>2013</date><idno>NL047</idno><distributor>Royal Irish Academy</distributor>
		<availability>
		<p>Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike (cc by-nc-sa)</p>
		</availability>
	  </publicationStmt>
	  <sourceDesc><bibl><title>Gramadach Dhá-theangthach</title><author>Tadhg O Coindealbháin</author><imprint><publisher>Connradh na Geadhilge</publisher><date>1906</date></imprint>
 </bibl></sourceDesc></fileDesc>
	</teiHeader>
<text><body><div><p>
<lb n="1"/><span>REÁMHRÁDH.</span></p>
<lb n="2"/>
<lb n="3"/><p><span>Sa bhliadhain 1825 do</span>
<lb n="4"/><span>chuir Tadhg ó Coindealbháin</span>
<lb n="5"/><span>toradh a shaothair i gcló .i.</span>
<lb n="6"/><span>A Grammatical Introduc-</span>
<lb n="7"/><span>tion to the Irish Language,</span>
<lb n="8"/><span>&c.  Sgéal dá-theangthach</span>
<lb n="9"/><span>dob' eadh é .i. an Ghaedhilg</span>
<lb n="10"/><span>agus an Béarla ar aghaidh</span>
<lb n="11"/><span>a chéile ann ar gach éin-</span>
<lb n="12"/><span>leathanach.  Ní holc an</span>
<lb n="13"/><span>leabhar do chuir Mac Uí</span>
<lb n="14"/><span>Choindealbháin le chéile, go</span>
<lb n="15"/><span>mór-mhór má bheirimíd i</span>
<lb n="16"/><span>gcuimhne caidé an cor</span>
<lb n="17"/><span>do bhí ar an oideachas</span>
<lb n="18"/><span>Gaedhealach fá'n taca sain.</span>
<lb n="19"/><span>Ba mhaith an sgoláire é</span>
<lb n="20"/><span>Tadhg ó Coindealbháin.  Ba</span>
<lb n="21"/><span>dhuine de na sgoláiríbh</span>
<lb n="22"/><span>dúthchasacha dob' fhearr do</span>
<lb n="23"/><span>bhí i gConnachtaibh é le n-a</span>
<lb n="24"/><span>linn féin.  Is léir dúinn</span>
<lb n="25"/><span>ar an ngramadaigh do chuir</span>
<lb n="26"/><span>sé le chéile go raibh taithighe</span>
<lb n="27"/><span>an-mhaith aige ar na láimh-</span>
<lb n="28"/><span>sgríbhnibh agus ar an sean-</span>
<lb n="29"/><span>Ghaedhilg mar an gcéadna</span>
<lb n="30"/><span>fá mar do tuigtí í an uair</span>
<lb n="31"/><span>sin ó bhéaloideas ár luchta</span>
<lb n="32"/><span>léighinn féin.  Ní raibh luadh</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="iv"/>
<div><lb n="33"/><p><span>ná luadhthairt fós ar na</span>
<lb n="34"/><span>Gearmánchaibh ná ar a</span>
<lb n="35"/><span>gcuid oibre sa pháirc sin,</span>
<lb n="36"/><span>acht corr-Ghaedheal sa tír</span>
<lb n="37"/><span>ag baint eolais ar an</span>
<lb n="38"/><span>sean-teangaidh tré ghluai-</span>
<lb n="39"/><span>seannaibh agus tagarthaibh</span>
<lb n="40"/><span>na seanchaidhe nGaedhealach.</span>
<lb n="41"/><span>D'fhoghluim Tadhg mórán</span>
<lb n="42"/><span>ar an gcuma so — cár</span>
<lb n="43"/><span>bh'iongnadh dhó agus é 'na</span>
<lb n="44"/><span>mhaighistir sgoile? — agus</span>
<lb n="45"/><span>do chuir sé síos go cruinn</span>
<lb n="46"/><span>é i n-a sgríbhinn.  Má tá</span>
<lb n="47"/><span>locht ar bith air, is é badh</span>
<lb n="48"/><span>tógtha air nár thogh sé i</span>
<lb n="49"/><span>gcomhnaidhe an focal ba</span>
<lb n="50"/><span>mhó bhí i n-úsáid i dtráchtan-</span>
<lb n="51"/><span>naibh gramadamhla, m. sh.,</span>
<lb n="52"/><span>i n-aghaidh nomen do rug sé</span>
<lb n="53"/><span>“duais” do roghain tar</span>
<lb n="54"/><span>“ainm,” cé gurb é an</span>
<lb n="55"/><span>dara ceann an focal do</span>
<lb n="56"/><span>bhí riamh ag lucht grama-</span>
<lb n="57"/><span>daighe go bhfios damh-sa.</span>
<lb n="58"/><span>Mar sin féin, do samh-</span>
<lb n="59"/><span>luigheadh do Chonnradh na</span>
<lb n="60"/><span>Gaedhilge nár bh'olc an</span>
<lb n="61"/><span>bheart dóibh an leabhar do</span>
<lb n="62"/><span>chur amach an ath-uair agus</span>
<lb n="63"/><span>a fheabhas do rinne Tadhg a</span>
<lb n="64"/><span>ghnó san iomlán.</span>
<lb n="65"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="v"/>
<div><lb n="66"/><p><span>Ó thárla nach é an focal</span>
<lb n="67"/><span>is coitchionnta atá isna</span>
<lb n="68"/><span>téxannaibh gramadaighe do</span>
<lb n="69"/><span>gheibhtear ag Mac Uí</span>
<lb n="70"/><span>Choindealbháin is gach uile</span>
<lb n="71"/><span>chás, do chonncas dúinn</span>
<lb n="72"/><span>nár mhisde an leabhar</span>
<lb n="73"/><span>foclóir do chur leis 'na</span>
<lb n="74"/><span>mbeadh comhroghain cheart</span>
<lb n="75"/><span>díobh ar fághail ann.  Cá</span>
<lb n="76"/><span>bhfríoth iad? arsa tusa, a</span>
<lb n="77"/><span>léightheoir.  Ionnus cheana</span>
<lb n="78"/><span>nach beir i bhfad aineolach</span>
<lb n="79"/><span>sa cheist, bhéarfam anois</span>
<lb n="80"/><span>fios ár n-ughdar-ne dhuit.</span></p>
<lb n="81"/>
<lb n="82"/><p><span>A leithéid seo.  Do</span>
<lb n="83"/><span>bhaineamar an chuid is mó</span>
<lb n="84"/><span>dár gcuid focal ar Glu-</span>
<lb n="85"/><span>aiseannaibh Shan Gallen</span>
<lb n="86"/><span>.i. na gluaiseanna</span>
<lb n="87"/><span>gramadamhla do sgríobh</span>
<lb n="88"/><span>eaglaisigh Ghaedheal-</span>
<lb n="89"/><span>acha ar ghramadaigh Laidne</span>
<lb n="90"/><span>Phrisciani i Mainistir</span>
<lb n="91"/><span>Ghaill i dTír na</span>
<lb n="92"/><span>Suíssach.  Tomás O Nuall-</span>
<lb n="93"/><span>áin do chuir tús ar an</span>
<lb n="94"/><span>obair sin agus sinn féin</span>
<lb n="95"/><span>do chuir críoch air.  Níor</span>
<lb n="96"/><span>bh'é sin ár n-éin-éadáil ó'n</span>
<lb n="97"/><span>gcuairt.  Do bhaineamar</span>
<lb n="98"/><span>fós beagán ar Uraiceacht</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="vi"/>
<div><lb n="99"/><p><span>na n-Éigeas — tá an trácht</span>
<lb n="100"/><span>sain lom-lán díobh, agus</span>
<lb n="101"/><span>má tá féin, ní hé gach éin-</span>
<lb n="102"/><span>cheann aca, fóiríor, oireas</span>
<lb n="103"/><span>i gceart do'n aimsir seo.</span>
<lb n="104"/><span>Áilbhlas is mó atá san</span>
<lb n="105"/><span>Uraiceacht, agus cár</span>
<lb n="106"/><span>bh'iongnadh dhúinn dá</span>
<lb n="107"/><span>n-abróchaimís go n-oirfeadh</span>
<lb n="108"/><span>leabhar ann féin do'n</span>
<lb n="109"/><span>sgéal sain amháin?  Do</span>
<lb n="110"/><span>chuartuigheamar gramadach</span>
<lb n="111"/><span>Mhic Cuirtín agus Uí</span>
<lb n="112"/><span>Bheaglaoich mar aon leo</span>
<lb n="113"/><span>sain, agus fuaramar</span>
<lb n="114"/><span>mórán focal ann.  Éadáil</span>
<lb n="115"/><span>eile dhúinn a bhfuil i</span>
<lb n="116"/><span>ndeireadh gramadaighe Uí</span>
<lb n="117"/><span>Bhriain díobh.  Tá cuid de</span>
<lb n="118"/><span>fhoclaibh an Choindealbhán-</span>
<lb n="119"/><span>aigh sa bhfoclóir mar an</span>
<lb n="120"/><span>gcéadna.  Fá dheireadh</span>
<lb n="121"/><span>thiar thall níor dhearmada-</span>
<lb n="122"/><span>mar caint na ndaoine, go</span>
<lb n="123"/><span>háirithe nuair do oir sé</span>
<lb n="124"/><span>d'ár ngnó, m. sh., “tá dul</span>
<lb n="125"/><span>na Gaedhilge air,” &rl.</span></p>
<lb n="126"/>
<lb n="127"/><p><span>Ní hionann focal gram-</span>
<lb n="128"/><span>adamhail do bhí ag Gaedhea-</span>
<lb n="129"/><span>laibh gach éan-uair.  Ní</span>
<lb n="130"/><span>abróchainn ná go bhfuil dá</span>
<lb n="131"/><span>chineál focal gramadaighe</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="vii"/>
<div><lb n="132"/><p><span>againn i meamram .i.</span>
<lb n="133"/><span>focail na ngramadach</span>
<lb n="134"/><span>agus focail na n-éigeas.</span>
<lb n="135"/><span>B'fhéidir linn a rádh go</span>
<lb n="136"/><span>dtáinig tonn athruighthe ar</span>
<lb n="137"/><span>an bhfoclughadh bhí aca chuige</span>
<lb n="138"/><span>trí huaire ar a laighead.</span></p>
<lb n="139"/>
<lb n="140"/><p><span>Na focail atá isna</span>
<lb n="141"/><span>Gluaiseannaibh do baineadh</span>
<lb n="142"/><span>mórán díobh go díreach ar</span>
<lb n="143"/><span>an Laidin.  Ní hamhlaidh</span>
<lb n="144"/><span>do'n aimsir nua: Do</span>
<lb n="145"/><span>bhíodh focail úr-nua ghlan-</span>
<lb n="146"/><span>Ghaedhilge dá gcumadh agus</span>
<lb n="147"/><span>dá gcur i n-úsáid go</span>
<lb n="148"/><span>dtí an aimsir sin féin.</span>
<lb n="149"/><span>Féach:</span>
<lb n="150"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="viii"/>
<div><lb n="151"/><p><span>Do cuireadh céim eile</span>
<lb n="152"/><span>leo sain san aimsir</span>
<lb n="153"/><span>dhéidheanaigh .i. aibhriughadh,</span>
<lb n="154"/><span>m. sh., ro-fhoghlumtha.</span></p>
<lb n="155"/>
<lb n="156"/><p><span>Is léir ar an méid sin</span>
<lb n="157"/><span>nach deachaidh tobar eoluis</span>
<lb n="158"/><span>na gramadaighe riamh i</span>
<lb n="159"/><span>ndísg imeasg Gaedheal.</span>
<lb n="160"/><span>Ní rabhadar éan-lá riamh</span>
<lb n="161"/><span>nach tugaidís aire mhaith</span>
<lb n="162"/><span>do'n ghramadaigheacht go</span>
<lb n="163"/><span>fiú lochta bheith ortha dá</span>
<lb n="164"/><span>thaobh, agus gurab 'in é an</span>
<lb n="165"/><span>fáth go bhfuil an litriughadh</span>
<lb n="166"/><span>nach mór gan athrughadh</span>
<lb n="167"/><span>uatha go dtí an lá atá</span>
<lb n="168"/><span>indiu ann.</span></p>
<lb n="169"/>
<lb n="170"/><p><span>Tá roinnt focal úr-nua</span>
<lb n="171"/><span>annso mar an gcéadna.</span>
<lb n="172"/><span>Ní gan fáth atáid ar</span>
<lb n="173"/><span>fághail.  Tá caint gram-</span>
<lb n="174"/><span>adamhail ag baint leis an</span>
<lb n="175"/><span>aimsir seo, tá sain —</span>
<lb n="176"/><span>caint nár smaoin na</span>
<lb n="177"/><span>nAlexandraigh riamh ar a</span>
<lb n="178"/><span>leithéid — caint nár theas-</span>
<lb n="179"/><span>tuigh ó na gramadachaibh</span>
<lb n="180"/><span>Rómhánacha, cé go dteas-</span>
<lb n="181"/><span>tuigheann uainne go cruaidh</span>
<lb n="182"/><span>indiu.  Sin é dob' adhbhar</span>
<lb n="183"/><span>do “athaiceannda,” do</span>
<lb n="184"/><span>“aithbheart,” agus do chuid</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="ix"/>
<div><lb n="185"/><p><span>eile dhíobh.  Is dóigh linn,</span>
<lb n="186"/><span>dá síorfaidhe páirc na</span>
<lb n="187"/><span>gramadaighe go léir, gurab</span>
<lb n="188"/><span>iad so féin na cinn is mó</span>
<lb n="189"/><span>'na mbeadh duine 'na</span>
<lb n="190"/><span>ngábhadh, ag cur síos dó ar</span>
<lb n="191"/><span>ghramadaigh.  Na focail is</span>
<lb n="192"/><span>simplidhe atá ann .i. ainm,</span>
<lb n="193"/><span>uimhir, briathar, &rl., tá</span>
<lb n="194"/><span>siad ag mórán daoine</span>
<lb n="195"/><span>faoi seo.  Ní hé sin do</span>
<lb n="196"/><span>smaointibh ealadhanta, is</span>
<lb n="197"/><span>beag de dhaoinibh 'na bhfuilid</span>
<lb n="198"/><span>aca.  Caidé an mhaith dúinn</span>
<lb n="199"/><span>foclóir do chur le chéile,</span>
<lb n="200"/><span>má gheillimíd d'ár</span>
<lb n="201"/><span>ndeacraíbh féin?  Sin é</span>
<lb n="202"/><span>díreach fá ndear do'n</span>
<lb n="203"/><span>Ghaedhilg gan dul chum cinn</span>
<lb n="204"/><span>i n-a cuid focal ealadhanta,</span>
<lb n="205"/><span>agus focail úr-nua</span>
<lb n="206"/><span>Gréigise dá síorchur leis</span>
<lb n="207"/><span>an Saxbhéarla ó ló go ló!</span>
<lb n="208"/><span>Féachtar ar homoeoteleuton</span>
<lb n="209"/><span>agus ar a leithéidíbh.  Ní</span>
<lb n="210"/><span>healadha do theangaidh go</span>
<lb n="211"/><span>deimhin an gníomh sain</span>
<lb n="212"/><span>“stad stagúin i mbéal</span>
<lb n="213"/><span>bearnan.”  Ní hé an lag-</span>
<lb n="214"/><span>mhisneach do chosain an</span>
<lb n="215"/><span>bhearna riamh, acht an</span>
<lb n="216"/><span>croidhe calma, croidhe nár</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="x"/>
<div><lb n="217"/><p><span>thuit riamh ar an té</span>
<lb n="218"/><span>ar leis é agus nach tuit-</span>
<lb n="219"/><span>fidh.</span></p>
<lb n="220"/>
<lb n="221"/><p><span>Do shaoileamar gur</span>
<lb n="222"/><span>bh'fhearr dúinn gan éan-</span>
<lb n="223"/><span>athrughadh do chur i saothar</span>
<lb n="224"/><span>Thaidhg Uí Choindealbháin</span>
<lb n="225"/><span>acht amháin cuid de na</span>
<lb n="226"/><span>somplaíbh sean-Ghaedhilge</span>
<lb n="227"/><span>do bhualadh amach.  B'í sin</span>
<lb n="228"/><span>comhairle thug duine d'ár</span>
<lb n="229"/><span>gcuid léightheoirí dhúinn.</span>
<lb n="230"/><span>Dá réir sin, d'fhágamar</span>
<lb n="231"/><span>an t-Oilbhéimeach agus an</span>
<lb n="232"/><span>t-Iriséachtach le chéile i</span>
<lb n="233"/><span>ndeilbh na mbriathar ó</span>
<lb n="234"/><span>thárla nár mhaith linn éan-</span>
<lb n="235"/><span>fhocal mínighthe do chailleadh</span>
<lb n="236"/><span>dár cuireadh i gcaint na</span>
<lb n="237"/><span>gramadaighe.  Tuigeadh an</span>
<lb n="238"/><span>mac léighinn, ámh, nach</span>
<lb n="239"/><span>gnáthach indiu acht éin-</span>
<lb n="240"/><span>cheann amháin do chur síos,</span>
<lb n="241"/><span>.i. an Coinghiollach mar</span>
<lb n="242"/><span>ainm air, i n-aghaidh an</span>
<lb n="243"/><span>dá thaobh.  Is so-dhéanta</span>
<lb n="244"/><span>d'éinne an ceartughadh</span>
<lb n="245"/><span>sain.</span></p>
<lb n="246"/>
<lb n="247"/><p><span>Níor cheart go mbeadh</span>
<lb n="248"/><span>ró-ionntaoibh nó sár-</span>
<lb n="249"/><span>mhuighin ag an bpobal ar</span>
<lb n="250"/><span>an leabhar so.  Ní fhuil</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="xi"/>
<div><lb n="251"/><p><span>ann, mar adéarfaidhe, acht</span>
<lb n="252"/><span>mar do bheadh siubhal gearr</span>
<lb n="253"/><span>tré ghort achrannach aimh-</span>
<lb n="254"/><span>réidh focal na gramadaighe</span>
<lb n="255"/><span>Gaedhealaighe 'n-ar féidir</span>
<lb n="256"/><span>a rádh 'na thaobh go bhfuil</span>
<lb n="257"/><span>cruithneacht agus fiadhaile</span>
<lb n="258"/><span>nó luibhearnach tré n-a</span>
<lb n="259"/><span>chéile ann.  Is dócha go</span>
<lb n="260"/><span>bhfuil an iomad focal thíos</span>
<lb n="261"/><span>againn.  Má tá féin, nach</span>
<lb n="262"/><span>fearr go mór an sgéal</span>
<lb n="263"/><span>sain 'ná dá n-abraimís le</span>
<lb n="264"/><span>focal éigin “Ní ceart</span>
<lb n="265"/><span>duit-se bheith ag fás ins</span>
<lb n="266"/><span>an ghort” agus é ghlanadh</span>
<lb n="267"/><span>as an slighe láithreach</span>
<lb n="268"/><span>bonn?  An dream a</span>
<lb n="269"/><span>thiocfas i n-ár ndiaidh,</span>
<lb n="270"/><span>ortha-san bhíodh glanadh an</span>
<lb n="271"/><span>ghuirt ghramadamhail ó</span>
<lb n="272"/><span>fhiadhaile, dá mbadh é cás</span>
<lb n="273"/><span>Fódla féin é, dar le</span>
<lb n="274"/><span>Seathrún Céitinn:</span></p>
<lb n="275"/>
<lb n="276"/><p><span>“Fá dheoidh gur fhás a lán de'n</span>
<lb n="277"/><span>chogal tríotha.”</span></p>
<lb n="278"/>
<lb n="279"/><p><span>Níor bh'iongnadh dá</span>
<lb n="280"/><span>mbailightí meitheal mhaith</span>
<lb n="281"/><span>dhíobh súd — meitheal gan</span>
<lb n="282"/><span>truaighe leis — agus cor-</span>
<lb n="283"/><span>ráin an ghlanta 'na láimh</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="xii"/>
<div><lb n="284"/><p><span>aca, ar chuma nach fágfaidhe</span>
<lb n="285"/><span>éan-rud míostuamdha gan</span>
<lb n="286"/><span>gearradh gan glanadh.  Go</span>
<lb n="287"/><span>dtí an lá sain is dócha go</span>
<lb n="288"/><span>ndéanfaidh an leabhar so</span>
<lb n="289"/><span>an gnó, má's olc maith é.</span></p>
<lb n="290"/>
<lb n="291"/><p><span>Ár rádh fá dheoidh:  Ní</span>
<lb n="292"/><span>faghtar saoi gan locht, a</span>
<lb n="293"/><span>n-abair eagna ár sean</span>
<lb n="294"/><span>agus ár sinsear, agus ní</span>
<lb n="295"/><span>taise do'n rud so idir</span>
<lb n="296"/><span>lámhaibh againn.  Dá</span>
<lb n="297"/><span>bhféadfaimís feabhas, nó,</span>
<lb n="298"/><span>mo dhearmad, ruidín beag</span>
<lb n="299"/><span>de chraoibh an aonaigh do</span>
<lb n="300"/><span>chur air, is sinn féin do</span>
<lb n="301"/><span>chuirfeadh agus míle fáilte.</span>
<lb n="302"/><span>Ó thárla nach beirtear an</span>
<lb n="303"/><span>chraobh i n-aisgidh gach éan-</span>
<lb n="304"/><span>uair, caithfimíd géilleadh</span>
<lb n="305"/><span>dár mbacaighe féin, má</span>
<lb n="306"/><span>cailleadh an taca so í.</span>
<lb n="307"/><span>Glór de ghlórthaibh carad</span>
<lb n="308"/><span>dam, d'éist an chló d'fheic-</span>
<lb n="309"/><span>rint dó, “An té 'n-ar</span>
<lb n="310"/><span>mhaith leis bárr do chur air,</span>
<lb n="311"/><span>cuireadh.”</span></p>
<lb n="312"/>
<lb n="313"/><p><span>Seosamh Laoide.</span>
<lb n="314"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="1"/>
<div><lb n="315"/><p><span>AN AIBCHIDIR DHÉIDHEANACH.</span></p>
<lb n="316"/>
<lb n="317"/><p><span>AN CHÉAD LÉIGHEANN.</span></p>
<lb n="318"/>
<lb n="319"/><p><span>Eagar, Anmanna agus</span>
<lb n="320"/><span>Canamhain na hAibchidre</span>
<lb n="321"/><span>i láthair i bhfeidhm.</span></p>
<lb n="322"/>
<lb n="323"/><p><span>A a, Ailm</span></p>
<lb n="324"/>
<lb n="325"/><p><span>B b, Beith</span></p>
<lb n="326"/>
<lb n="327"/><p><span>C c, Coll</span></p>
<lb n="328"/>
<lb n="329"/><p><span>D d, Dair</span></p>
<lb n="330"/>
<lb n="331"/><p><span>E e, Eadha</span></p>
<lb n="332"/>
<lb n="333"/><p><span>F f, Fearn</span></p>
<lb n="334"/>
<lb n="335"/><p><span>G g, Gort, y gamma</span></p>
<lb n="336"/>
<lb n="337"/><p><span>I i, Iogha</span></p>
<lb n="338"/>
<lb n="339"/><p><span>L l, Luis</span></p>
<lb n="340"/>
<lb n="341"/><p><span>M m, Muin</span></p>
<lb n="342"/>
<lb n="343"/><p><span>N n, Nuin</span></p>
<lb n="344"/>
<lb n="345"/><p><span>O o, Oir</span></p>
<lb n="346"/>
<lb n="347"/><p><span>P p, Peith</span></p>
<lb n="348"/>
<lb n="349"/><p><span>R r, Ruis</span></p>
<lb n="350"/>
<lb n="351"/><p><span>S s, Sail</span></p>
<lb n="352"/>
<lb n="353"/><p><span>T t, Teine</span></p>
<lb n="354"/>
<lb n="355"/><p><span>U u, Ur</span></p>
<lb n="356"/>
<lb n="357"/><p><span>H h, Uath</span></p>
<lb n="358"/>
<lb n="359"/><p><span>Mar aon leis na hocht</span>
<lb n="360"/><span>litreachaibh dhéag thuas,</span>
<lb n="361"/><span>sgríobh na sinsir iad so</span>
<lb n="362"/><span>síos: -</span></p>
<lb n="363"/>
<lb n="364"/><p><span>Qq, q, ceirt, </span></p>
<lb n="365"/>
<lb n="366"/><p><span>Zz, sd, sdraif, </span></p>
<lb n="367"/>
<lb n="368"/><p><span>Ng, ng, ngiadal, </span></p>
<lb n="369"/>
<lb n="370"/><p><span>Ea, ea, eabhadh, </span></p>
<lb n="371"/>
<lb n="372"/><p><span>Io, io, ifin, </span></p>
<lb n="373"/>
<lb n="374"/><p><span>Oi, oi, óir, </span></p>
<lb n="375"/>
<lb n="376"/><p><span>Y, ui, uilleann, </span></p>
<lb n="377"/>
<lb n="378"/><p><span>Ao, ao, amhancholl, </span>
<lb n="379"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="2"/>
<div><lb n="380"/><p><span>An saothar so, maille le hoibreachaibh eile, le Tadhg</span>
<lb n="381"/><span>O Coinnialláin ón gCorcaigh bhig i bhfairche Chille</span>
<lb n="382"/><span>Allaidh i nÉirinn; chum maitheas agus sochar lucht a thíre,</span>
<lb n="383"/><span>amuigh 's i mbaile, le n-a dteanga mhín bhinn mhilis</span>
<lb n="384"/><span>mháthardha a mhúnadh dhá chéile, &c.</span></p>
<lb n="385"/>
<lb n="386"/><p><span>AN AIBCHIDIR GHAEDHEALACH.</span></p>
<lb n="387"/>
<lb n="388"/><p><span>AN CHÉAD LÉIGHEANN.</span></p>
<lb n="389"/>
<lb n="390"/><p><span>Gothaidhe gearra is fada.</span></p>
<lb n="391"/>
<lb n="392"/><p><span>Gothaidhe caola is leathna.</span></p>
<lb n="393"/>
<lb n="394"/><p><span>II. LÉIGHEANN.</span></p>
<lb n="395"/>
<lb n="396"/><p><span>Clár na gConsanaidhe Séimhidhe agus na nUrdhubhadh.</span>
<lb n="397"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="3"/>
<div><lb n="398"/><p><span>AN OGAM CHRAOBH ANNSO SÍOS.</span></p>
<lb n="399"/>
<lb n="400"/><p><span>Sgríobh na draoithe i n-ogham chraobh</span>
<lb n="401"/><span>A n-intleacht ghrinn, ar shlait gach taobh;</span>
<lb n="402"/><span>Trasna, díreach, cruinn, is claon,</span>
<lb n="403"/><span>Gach graf dá bhfuil indiu le feidhm.</span></p>
<lb n="404"/>
<lb n="405"/><p><span>Beith 'na haonar dom' láimh dheis;</span>
<lb n="406"/><span>Agus Luis dís gan eisleis.</span>
<lb n="407"/><span>Fearn triúr, Sail ceathrar is eadh,</span>
<lb n="408"/><span>Agus Nuin go n-a cúigear.</span>
<lb n="409"/><span>Uath 'na haonar dom' láimh chlí,</span>
<lb n="410"/><span>Agus Dair dís go ndeigh-ní.</span>
<lb n="411"/><span>Teine triúr, ceathrar do Choll;</span>
<lb n="412"/><span>Ceirt 'na cúigear ní chealam.</span>
<lb n="413"/><span>Muin fiar-tharsna — mór an modh;</span>
<lb n="414"/><span>Dís do Ghort, triúr do Ngiadal.</span>
<lb n="415"/><span>Straif 'na ceathrar gan doilghe;</span>
<lb n="416"/><span>Ruis 'na cúigear comhshuidhthe.</span>
<lb n="417"/><span>Ailm 'na haonar tarsna anuas,</span>
<lb n="418"/><span>Agus Onn dís go ndeagh-chnuas.</span>
<lb n="419"/><span>Ur triúr, Eadha ceathrar cain,</span>
<lb n="420"/><span>Is Iogha cúigear d' fheadhain.</span>
<lb n="421"/><span>Eabhadh 'na crois um an gcraoibh,</span>
<lb n="422"/><span>Óir 'na buaile bhuig bhláthchaoin.</span>
<lb n="423"/><span>Uilleann 'na lúib dom' leath dheas,</span>
<lb n="424"/><span>Mar thuig ughdair is oircheas.</span>
<lb n="425"/><span>Ceithre fleasg i n-Ifin árd</span>
<lb n="426"/><span>Dom' leith dheis bhaineas gach bárd.</span>
<lb n="427"/><span>A hocht Amhancholl ma le</span>
<lb n="428"/><span>Do leathtaoibh chlé na craoibhe.</span>
<lb n="429"/><span>Curthar Peith, ar do láimh dheis,</span>
<lb n="430"/><span>Sínte díreach leis an bhfleisg.</span></p>
<lb n="431"/>
<lb n="432"/><p><span>OGHAM</span>
<lb n="433"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="5"/>
<div><lb n="434"/><p><span>ÓIRLÉAGHADH.</span></p>
<lb n="435"/>
<lb n="436"/><p><span>TRÁCHT AR NA LITRIBH.</span></p>
<lb n="437"/>
<lb n="438"/><p><span>Foillsigheann an t-Oirléa-</span>
<lb n="439"/><span>ghadh gné is brígh na litreacha,</span>
<lb n="440"/><span>agus an fíor-mhodh ceart lé'</span>
<lb n="441"/><span>gcurthar na focla i n-eagar.</span></p>
<lb n="442"/>
<lb n="443"/><p><span>Is graf gach litir ionad-</span>
<lb n="444"/><span>as fuaim iomlán, is í an</span>
<lb n="445"/><span>phríomh nó an mhír is lugha</span>
<lb n="446"/><span>d'fhocal.  San Teanga</span>
<lb n="447"/><span>Ghaedhilge is ceithre litre</span>
<lb n="448"/><span>fichead bhí ag na sinsear-</span>
<lb n="449"/><span>aibh, a laghduigheadh go dtí</span>
<lb n="450"/><span>na hocht gcinn déag so síos</span>
<lb n="451"/><span>go déidheanach: .i., a, b, c,</span>
<lb n="452"/><span>d, e, f, g, i, l, m, n, o, p,</span>
<lb n="453"/><span>r, s, t, u, is h, atá roinnte</span>
<lb n="454"/><span>i n-a dhá gcinéal: eadhon,</span>
<lb n="455"/><span>gothaidhe agus comhfhuaimne.</span></p>
<lb n="456"/>
<lb n="457"/><p><span>Táid cúig gothaidhe: .i.,</span>
<lb n="458"/><span>a, e, i, o, u, athroinnte i</span>
<lb n="459"/><span>n-a dhá gcinéal, caol is</span>
<lb n="460"/><span>leathan: a, o, u, leathan;</span>
<lb n="461"/><span>e is i, caol.  Sgríobhthar gach</span>
<lb n="462"/><span>aicme dhíobh so ar son a</span>
<lb n="463"/><span>chéile, trá bhíd gan trasnach</span>
<lb n="464"/><span>nó síneadh fada; ch, gh, dh,</span>
<lb n="465"/><span>th, mar an gcéadna; acht is</span>
<lb n="466"/><span>ughdair mhío-stuama ghnídh-</span>
<lb n="467"/><span>eas so.</span></p>
<lb n="468"/>
<lb n="469"/><p><span>Táid dhá chomhfhuaim dhéag</span>
<lb n="470"/><span>ann, athroinnte i malarta-</span>
<lb n="471"/><span>chaibh is i seasmhachaibh: .i.</span>
<lb n="472"/><span>b, c, d, f, g, m, p, s, is t,</span>
<lb n="473"/><span>na malartacha; l, n, is r,</span>
<lb n="474"/><span>na seasmhacha.</span></p>
<lb n="475"/>
<lb n="476"/><p><span>Is litir goth a ghnídheas</span>
<lb n="477"/><span>son iomlán ann féin, agá</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="6"/>
<div><lb n="478"/><p><span>mbíd trí guthaidhe: .i., fada,</span>
<lb n="479"/><span>gearr nó éideimhin, is meadh-</span>
<lb n="480"/><span>ónach.  An chéad ghuth bhaineas</span>
<lb n="481"/><span>do gach goth a síntear,</span>
<lb n="482"/><span>ar uairibh le n-a n-eidir-</span>
<lb n="483"/><span>dhealughadh ó fhoclaibh eile</span>
<lb n="484"/><span>cóimhionann sgríobhtha, acht</span>
<lb n="485"/><span>neamhionann i mbrígh is i</span>
<lb n="486"/><span>gcanamhain.</span></p>
<lb n="487"/>
<lb n="488"/><p><span>Is le trasnach nó síneadh</span>
<lb n="489"/><span>fada os a gcionn, eidir-</span>
<lb n="490"/><span>dhealuighthear na gothaidhe</span>
<lb n="491"/><span>fada ó na cinn ghearra: .</span>
<lb n="492"/><span>Is den chinéal mheadó-</span>
<lb n="493"/><span>nach an treas: .i., dall,</span>
<lb n="494"/><span>mall, benn, menn, cinn,</span>
<lb n="495"/><span>minn, borr, corr, bunn,</span>
<lb n="496"/><span>funn.</span></p>
<lb n="497"/>
<lb n="498"/><p><span>Is annamh fághthar go-</span>
<lb n="499"/><span>thaidhe sgríobhtha dúbalta:</span>
<lb n="500"/><span>.acht</span>
<lb n="501"/><span>amháin i meamruim: .i.,</span>
<lb n="502"/><span>baan, baain, baath, silsaan;</span>
<lb n="503"/><span>easbogbaa: níl gothaidhe</span>
<lb n="504"/><span>maon i ndeireadh focal,</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="7"/>
<div><lb n="505"/><p><span>acht go coitcheann fada;</span>
<lb n="506"/><span>cuid gearr: .i., ba, ga,</span>
<lb n="507"/><span>barra, file, de, do, mo,</span>
<lb n="508"/><span>duile is deirli.</span></p>
<lb n="509"/>
<lb n="510"/><p><span>Mar atá i n-eagar cóimh-</span>
<lb n="511"/><span>fhreagrach canamhna na</span>
<lb n="512"/><span>ngothaidhe is na gcomh-</span>
<lb n="513"/><span>fhuaimne, is fogus d'fhuaim</span>
<lb n="514"/><span>na litreacha Sacs shonann</span>
<lb n="515"/><span>ár litre i n-a bpríomh-</span>
<lb n="516"/><span>ndeilbh neamhfhada neimh-</span>
<lb n="517"/><span>shéimhidhe.</span></p>
<lb n="518"/>
<lb n="519"/><p><span>Meastar le dream nach</span>
<lb n="520"/><span>bhfuil níos mo ná comharta</span>
<lb n="521"/><span>na hanála amháin san litir</span>
<lb n="522"/><span>h, agus go dtig le goin a fheidhm</span>
<lb n="523"/><span>a fhreagairt (.), imne, bh, ch,</span>
<lb n="524"/><span>dh, &c.  Chuir dream eile go</span>
<lb n="525"/><span>déidheanach as a saothar go</span>
<lb n="526"/><span>hiomlán é, acht níl sin ionchos-</span>
<lb n="527"/><span>anta.  I dtaobh duar mbain-</span>
<lb n="528"/><span>inscneacha, nocha thosuigheas</span>
<lb n="529"/><span>le goth, trá théigheas le nó a</span>
<lb n="530"/><span>rompa, is éigin h a shonadh</span>
<lb n="531"/><span>chomh teann leis an h Shac-</span>
<lb n="532"/><span>sanach ins na foclaibh, have,</span>
<lb n="533"/><span>hall, &c. .i., a haghaidh, a</span>
<lb n="534"/><span>hairgead, a huair, le hOs-</span>
<lb n="535"/><span>ruidhibh, le hUltaibh: acht ar</span>
<lb n="536"/><span>mhodhaibh eile ní sgríobhthar h,</span>
<lb n="537"/><span>muna' i ndiaidh c, g, p nó t;</span>
<lb n="538"/><span>dá bhrígh sin, is éigin do na</span>
<lb n="539"/><span>sgríbhneóiríbh mío-stuama</span>
<lb n="540"/><span>thairgeas a mbeag-shaothar a</span>
<lb n="541"/><span>chur a nGaedhilge san litir</span>
<lb n="542"/><span>Rómhánach bheith aireach ar</span>
<lb n="543"/><span>fheidhm h: óir is minic a</span>
<lb n="544"/><span>chuireas a dheagh-bhail an</span>
<lb n="545"/><span>léightheóir amugha agus is go</span>
<lb n="546"/><span>mór-mhór ioná sin achrann-</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="8"/>
<div><lb n="547"/><p><span>as a dhroch-bhail toghadh na</span>
<lb n="548"/><span>saoithe.</span></p>
<lb n="549"/>
<lb n="550"/><p><span>'Sí an litir s Bainríoghan</span>
<lb n="551"/><span>na gComhfhuaimne, lán-</span>
<lb n="552"/><span>chumhachtach agus fras; “suae</span>
<lb n="553"/><span>potestatis litera:” trá bhíos</span>
<lb n="554"/><span>i dtús focail, glacaidh sí na</span>
<lb n="555"/><span>gothaidhe go léir, agus gach</span>
<lb n="556"/><span>comhfhuaim uile 'na diaidh, a</span>
<lb n="557"/><span>thig i láthair le n-a riocht.</span></p>
<lb n="558"/>
<lb n="559"/><p><span>CANAMHAIN NA nGOTHAIDHE IS NA gCOMHFHUAIMNE.</span>
<lb n="560"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="9"/>
<div><lb n="561"/><p><span>CANAMHNA NA nDEAGHFHOGHRACHA IS NA dTREAGH-</span>
<lb n="562"/><span>FHOGHRACHA.</span>
<lb n="563"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="10"/>
<div><lb n="564"/><p><span>Ceithre hamhanchoill ríomhthar ann,</span>
<lb n="565"/><span>Cúig heabhadha fós go coitcheann,</span>
<lb n="566"/><span>Cúig ifine muin ar mhuin,</span>
<lb n="567"/><span>Trí huilleanna, is óir 'na haonar.</span>
<lb n="568"/><span>e, i dtús gach eabhadh áin,</span>
<lb n="569"/><span>i, i dtús gach ifin iomláin,</span>
<lb n="570"/><span>u, i dtús gach uillinn uill,</span>
<lb n="571"/><span>a, i dtús gach amhanchoill.</span></p>
<lb n="572"/>
<lb n="573"/><p><span>AMHANCHOILL</span>
<lb n="574"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="12"/>
<div><lb n="575"/><p><span>Clár na nDeaghfhoghracha is</span>
<lb n="576"/><span>na dTreaghfhoghracha.</span></p>
<lb n="577"/>
<lb n="578"/><p><span>Do bhrígh go bhfuil cúig deagh-</span>
<lb n="579"/><span>fhoghracha, agus na treagh-</span>
<lb n="580"/><span>fhoghracha uile, do shíor</span>
<lb n="581"/><span>fada, is féidir a sgríobh-</span>
<lb n="582"/><span>adh le trasnach no síneadh</span>
<lb n="583"/><span>fada, nó gan comharthadh</span>
<lb n="584"/><span>ar bith, má's áil; .i.</span>
<lb n="585"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="13"/>
<div><lb n="586"/><p><span>Táid so síos comharthuighthe</span>
<lb n="587"/><span>lé trasnach nó síneadh</span>
<lb n="588"/><span>nó síneadh fada, chum</span>
<lb n="589"/><span>sócamhail don léightheóir.</span>
<lb n="590"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="17"/>
<div><lb n="591"/><p><span>AR LITRIBH DÚBALTA.</span></p>
<lb n="592"/>
<lb n="593"/><p><span>Ní cóir goth ná comhfhuaim</span>
<lb n="594"/><span>a sgríobhadh fa dhó, acht l, n</span>
<lb n="595"/><span>is r, nocha sonann do shíor</span>
<lb n="596"/><span>go teann, i meadhon is i</span>
<lb n="597"/><span>ndeireadh focal: gidh son-</span>
<lb n="598"/><span>ann l, n is r, amhail a mbeith</span>
<lb n="599"/><span>dúbalta i dtús focal</span>
<lb n="600"/><span>bhaineas don bhaininsgne, agus</span>
<lb n="601"/><span>do naethibh nó do nidhthibh san</span>
<lb n="602"/><span>uimhir iolraidh: .i., a llámh, a</span>
<lb n="603"/><span>nnáire, a nneart, a rréim;</span>
<lb n="604"/><span>a lleabhra, a lleastar.</span>
<lb n="605"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="18"/>
<div><lb n="606"/><p><span>Sonann l, r is n, trá</span>
<lb n="607"/><span>leanas s ins an tsiolla</span>
<lb n="608"/><span>chéadna, go teann amhail a</span>
<lb n="609"/><span>mbeith dúbalta: .i., sliabh,</span>
<lb n="610"/><span>srian agus sníomh; mar</span>
<lb n="611"/><span>slliabh, srrian, snníomh léigh-</span>
<lb n="612"/><span>tear iad: ní bhfuilid séi-</span>
<lb n="613"/><span>mhidhe.</span></p>
<lb n="614"/>
<lb n="615"/><p><span>Acht trá thig dhá chomh-</span>
<lb n="616"/><span>fhuaim i n-éinfheacht i n-a</span>
<lb n="617"/><span>bhfocal cumaisgthe, cong-</span>
<lb n="618"/><span>bhaighid a gcéad tson: .i.,</span>
<lb n="619"/><span>léightear braittirm, agus</span>
<lb n="620"/><span>sgríobhthar do ghnáth brait-</span>
<lb n="621"/><span>irm.</span></p>
<lb n="622"/>
<lb n="623"/><p><span>Cuirtear nd go minic</span>
<lb n="624"/><span>air son nn, .i., ceand i</span>
<lb n="625"/><span>n-áit ceann.</span></p>
<lb n="626"/>
<lb n="627"/><p><span>Is cóir an fhuaim a</span>
<lb n="628"/><span>gnídheas an litir dá ngoir-</span>
<lb n="629"/><span>tear ngiadal (ng), is le n-a</span>
<lb n="630"/><span>clos o thíorthach (má's féidir)</span>
<lb n="631"/><span>is fearr a foghluim.</span></p>
<lb n="632"/>
<lb n="633"/><p><span>Cuirtear d agus l, trá</span>
<lb n="634"/><span>théid roimh n, i n agus l eile;</span>
<lb n="635"/><span>amhail a sgríobhthar ‘na</span>
<lb n="636"/><span>colna céadna’ ar son ‘na</span>
<lb n="637"/><span>colla céanna.’</span></p>
<lb n="638"/>
<lb n="639"/><p><span>Gidh meastar nach ndúb-</span>
<lb n="640"/><span>luighthear éan-chomhfhuaim</span>
<lb n="641"/><span>acht amháin l, n is r; agus</span>
<lb n="642"/><span>sin i meadhon agus i</span>
<lb n="643"/><span>ndeireadh focal, dearbhuigh-</span>
<lb n="644"/><span>thear dhúinn gur féidir na</span>
<lb n="645"/><span>comhfhuaimne-se síos a dhúb-</span>
<lb n="646"/><span>lughadh; .i., c, f, p agus t;</span>
<lb n="647"/><span>agus fós m agus s, do réir</span>
<lb n="648"/><span>mar sgríobhann lucht an</span>
<lb n="649"/><span>tsaoghail mheadhonaigh: is i</span>
<lb n="650"/><span>dtosach focal curthar iad,</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="19"/>
<div><lb n="651"/><p><span>acht cc amháin, fághthar i</span>
<lb n="652"/><span>ndeireadh fuidhire; .i., dricc,</span>
<lb n="653"/><span>sonann cc mar g; ff mar bh;</span>
<lb n="654"/><span>pp mar b, agus tt mar d;</span>
<lb n="655"/><span>meastar le dream eile,</span>
<lb n="656"/><span>gur bh'fhearr súd a chur</span>
<lb n="657"/><span>imeasg na gcomhfhuaimne</span>
<lb n="658"/><span>atá urdhubhtha, agus i n-ionad</span>
<lb n="659"/><span>cc, gc a chur; ar son ff,</span>
<lb n="660"/><span>bhf a chur; i n-áit pp, bp a</span>
<lb n="661"/><span>rádh; agus tt, a thabhairt air</span>
<lb n="662"/><span>dt.  Ní shonann l, n ná r,</span>
<lb n="663"/><span>dúbalta i dtús éan-tládh-</span>
<lb n="664"/><span>fhocail.</span></p>
<lb n="665"/>
<lb n="666"/><p><span>I measg na gcomhfhuaim-</span>
<lb n="667"/><span>ne atá séimhidhe, urdhubhtha,</span>
<lb n="668"/><span>bactha no múchta, atá m</span>
<lb n="669"/><span>amháin saor.  Ní urdhubhthar</span>
<lb n="670"/><span>s, muna dtéidhidh an t-alt</span>
<lb n="671"/><span>an róimhe, agus l, n nó r</span>
<lb n="672"/><span>'na dhiaidh; .i., an tsrón, an</span>
<lb n="673"/><span>tslat, an tsneadh, an tsais,</span>
<lb n="674"/><span>an tsamhfhuin.</span></p>
<lb n="675"/>
<lb n="676"/><p><span>Trá ghníthear tládhfhocal</span>
<lb n="677"/><span>de lánfhocal a chríochnuigh-</span>
<lb n="678"/><span>eas i n-a ll nó nn, caill-</span>
<lb n="679"/><span>eann sé an litir dhéidheanach;</span>
<lb n="680"/><span>.i., aibhleach, ó abhall; aibh-</span>
<lb n="681"/><span>neach, ó abhainn.</span></p>
<lb n="682"/>
<lb n="683"/><p><span>TRÁCHT AR NA COMH-</span>
<lb n="684"/><span>FHUAIMNIBH NÓ CON -</span>
<lb n="685"/><span>SOINIBH.</span></p>
<lb n="686"/>
<lb n="687"/><p><span>Is graf gach comhfhuaim,</span>
<lb n="688"/><span>nach sontar uaithi fein, agus</span>
<lb n="689"/><span>nach dtig gan a bheith i n-éin-</span>
<lb n="690"/><span>fheacht le goth, chum fuaim</span>
<lb n="691"/><span>iomlán theacht uatha araon,</span></p>
<lb n="692"/>
<lb n="693"/><p><span>Táid dá comhfhuáim dhéag</span>
<lb n="694"/><span>ann, roinnte eidir sheasmhach-</span>
<lb n="695"/><span>aibh is mhalartachaibh.</span>
<lb n="696"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="24"/>
<div><lb n="697"/><p><span>Athruighthear naoi gcinn</span>
<lb n="698"/><span>aca go malartachaibh, le</span>
<lb n="699"/><span>goin os a gcinn, nó h ré</span>
<lb n="700"/><span>n-a riocht; imne, mh nó mh,</span>
<lb n="701"/><span>le a n-athruigheann siad a</span>
<lb n="702"/><span>son.  </span></p>
<lb n="703"/>
<lb n="704"/><p><span>'Siad na seasmhacha l, n</span>
<lb n="705"/><span>is r, nocha shíor-chongbhuigheas</span>
<lb n="706"/><span>a son.</span></p>
<lb n="707"/>
<lb n="708"/><p><span>Le linn h a chur leis</span>
<lb n="709"/><span>na malartachaibh-se, nó a</span>
<lb n="710"/><span>séimhiughadh, ghnídhthear neimh-</span>
<lb n="711"/><span>ionann d'á gcéad riocht iad;</span>
<lb n="712"/><span>ionnus gur bh'fhéidir a mbeith</span>
<lb n="713"/><span>'na gcabharthaidhthibh, nó 'na</span>
<lb n="714"/><span>n-íochtaránaighibh; atá cuid</span>
<lb n="715"/><span>aca comh tochtha sain 's</span>
<lb n="716"/><span>gur'b é a bhfeidhm a bheith</span>
<lb n="717"/><span>sgríobhtha, le n-a bpríomh a</span>
<lb n="718"/><span>chongbháil soiléir, agus gan an</span>
<lb n="719"/><span>focal a bheith míochumtha.</span></p>
<lb n="720"/>
<lb n="721"/><p><span>Tá canamhain gach íoch-</span>
<lb n="722"/><span>taránaigh comh neimhionann</span>
<lb n="723"/><span>sain d'á bpríomh-shon, ionnus</span>
<lb n="724"/><span>gur bh'fhéidir a rádh le fíogh-</span>
<lb n="725"/><span>airibh nó le grafaibh áirighthe,</span>
<lb n="726"/><span>mar is gnáth do theang-</span>
<lb n="727"/><span>thaibh eile, noch achrannas</span>
<lb n="728"/><span>fághail amach an tsanais;</span>
<lb n="729"/><span>dá bhrígh sin 'sé a seilbh a</span>
<lb n="730"/><span>chongbhuigheas an Ghaedhilge</span>
<lb n="731"/><span>beacht, ceart, is iomlán,</span>
<lb n="732"/><span>ó gach doiléirgeacht ro-</span>
<lb n="733"/><span>choitcheann i dteangthaibh</span>
<lb n="734"/><span>eile.</span>
<lb n="735"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="25"/>
<div><lb n="736"/><p><span>TRÁCHT AR NA MALAR-</span>
<lb n="737"/><span>TACHAIBH. — Bh.</span></p>
<lb n="738"/>
<lb n="739"/><p><span>Sonann bh go coitcheann</span>
<lb n="740"/><span>mar v Sacs i dtús focail,</span>
<lb n="741"/><span>trá thig roimh ghoth chaol; .i.</span>
<lb n="742"/><span>bhíos, bhean, do bheast, do</span>
<lb n="743"/><span>bheartrach, nó i ndeireadh</span>
<lb n="744"/><span>focail ar bith; .i. searbh,</span>
<lb n="745"/><span>tarbh, dearbh, deirbh, doilbh:</span>
<lb n="746"/><span>acht trá bhíonn roimh ghoth</span>
<lb n="747"/><span>leathan i dtosach focail, nó</span>
<lb n="748"/><span>i lár focail, sonann sí</span>
<lb n="749"/><span>mar w, agus seal mar v;</span>
<lb n="750"/><span>imne, bháitheas, gabha, gabhar;</span>
<lb n="751"/><span>amhail a mbeith sgríobhtha</span>
<lb n="752"/><span>wáitheas, gawa, gawar:</span>
<lb n="753"/><span>gidh curthar mh go minic i</span>
<lb n="754"/><span>n-ionad bh, agus vice versa,</span>
<lb n="755"/><span>sontar an goth níos tréine</span>
<lb n="756"/><span>is níos airde ná iad súd</span>
<lb n="757"/><span>roimhe, .i. leanbh, sliabh,</span>
<lb n="758"/><span>slabhraidhe, amháin, cnámh,</span>
<lb n="759"/><span>gríobh-shrónach, domhar, do-</span>
<lb n="760"/><span>mhan, luath-mharc, snámhaidhe,</span>
<lb n="761"/><span>támhaidhe, talmhaidhe, Clochán</span>
<lb n="762"/><span>na bhFomharaidhe.</span></p>
<lb n="763"/>
<lb n="764"/><p><span>Ch no Ch,</span></p>
<lb n="765"/>
<lb n="766"/><p><span>Sonann ch no ch mar x</span>
<lb n="767"/><span>Gréagach roimh ghoth, i dtús</span>
<lb n="768"/><span>focail, .i. mo chos, mo</span>
<lb n="769"/><span>cheann, is mar xeann, xos</span>
<lb n="770"/><span>is éigin a léigheadh: acht i</span>
<lb n="771"/><span>ndeireadh focail i bhfogus</span>
<lb n="772"/><span>do ghoth leathan, nó i lár</span>
<lb n="773"/><span>focal d'ilshiollaíbh, sonann</span>
<lb n="774"/><span>sí go garbh, mar gh san bhfo-</span>
<lb n="775"/><span>cal lough; .i. each, céacht,</span>
<lb n="776"/><span>reachtaire, reachollach,</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="26"/>
<div><lb n="777"/><p><span>tlachtbheart; má leanann</span>
<lb n="778"/><span>goth caol í i dtús focal, nó</span>
<lb n="779"/><span>'na diaidh i ndeireadh focal</span>
<lb n="780"/><span>cailleann sí ar an modh</span>
<lb n="781"/><span>soin a tlocht nó garbh-shon,</span>
<lb n="782"/><span>agus fuaimnighthear í le</span>
<lb n="783"/><span>séimheadh teann; .i. chím, chí-</span>
<lb n="784"/><span>fead, eich, chichis, chigh, chith,</span>
<lb n="785"/><span>chib, chich, chil, chiochaire, chinn-</span>
<lb n="786"/><span>bheartas, chischin, chionnsir, a</span>
<lb n="787"/><span>chruaidhe chiuchair, chiormaire,</span>
<lb n="788"/><span>a chiomaigh.</span></p>
<lb n="789"/>
<lb n="790"/><p><span>Dh.</span></p>
<lb n="791"/>
<lb n="792"/><p><span>Is garbh-ghuthach shonann dh</span>
<lb n="793"/><span>i dtús focal roimh ghoth</span>
<lb n="794"/><span>leathan; .i. mo dháid; níl</span>
<lb n="795"/><span>éan-tson san teanga Shac-</span>
<lb n="796"/><span>sanaigh comh cosmhail acht gh,</span>
<lb n="797"/><span>san bhfocal ghost; .i. dhuit</span>
<lb n="798"/><span>nó ghuit.  Trá bhíonn i dto-</span>
<lb n="799"/><span>sach focail roimh ghoth chaol,</span>
<lb n="800"/><span>nó i lár focail le goth ar</span>
<lb n="801"/><span>bith, sonann sí mar y; .i.</span>
<lb n="802"/><span>a Dhia ghrádhaigh, dhearcas,</span>
<lb n="803"/><span>adharc.  Sonann sí go maon</span>
<lb n="804"/><span>no séimhidhe i lár focail,</span>
<lb n="805"/><span>trá leanas comhfhuaim í;</span>
<lb n="806"/><span>.i. fiadh-lorga; bíonn amhlaidh</span>
<lb n="807"/><span>i ndiaidh deaghfhoghair: .i. a</span>
<lb n="808"/><span>mhadaidh.  Tá sí maon i n-adh-</span>
<lb n="809"/><span>bhal is i bhfleadh; acht i</span>
<lb n="810"/><span>ndeireadh focail, i ndiaidh</span>
<lb n="811"/><span>ghotha leathain, sonann sí mar</span>
<lb n="812"/><span>u; .i. dearbhughadh, fargadh,</span>
<lb n="813"/><span>fasgadh, gearradh, lasadh,</span>
<lb n="814"/><span>madadh, múnadh, nodhadh,</span>
<lb n="815"/><span>rannsughadh, sásughadh, súg-</span>
<lb n="816"/><span>radh, táthughadh, tarchomhladh,</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="27"/>
<div><lb n="817"/><p><span>tarmchruthughadh; i mbodhar,</span>
<lb n="818"/><span>mar bowar, noch mhalart</span>
<lb n="819"/><span>na Breathnaigh ar dd; .i.</span>
<lb n="820"/><span>byddar.</span></p>
<lb n="821"/>
<lb n="822"/><p><span>Fh.</span></p>
<lb n="823"/>
<lb n="824"/><p><span>Séimhighthear f ann gach</span>
<lb n="825"/><span>ionad d'á gcurthar í.  Is i</span>
<lb n="826"/><span>dtosach focal coitcheann a</span>
<lb n="827"/><span>bhíonn sí, nó mar phrímh ins an</span>
<lb n="828"/><span>dara mír do chumaisgeach-</span>
<lb n="829"/><span>aibh, i n-a sontar go teann</span>
<lb n="830"/><span>í; .i. an fhuil, comhfhuil, is</span>
<lb n="831"/><span>mar a nuil, comhuil sontar</span>
<lb n="832"/><span>iad.  Is cosmhail ó chian,</span>
<lb n="833"/><span>gur sonadh fh mar h, do</span>
<lb n="834"/><span>bhrígh go bhfuil dearbhtha go</span>
<lb n="835"/><span>ndearnadar na Spáinnigh</span>
<lb n="836"/><span>féidhm di, i gcanamhain</span>
<lb n="837"/><span>focal ó Laidin; .i. hierro,</span>
<lb n="838"/><span>harina, hermoso, i n-áit fer-</span>
<lb n="839"/><span>rum, farina, formosus; acht</span>
<lb n="840"/><span>i láthair ní sontar fh air</span>
<lb n="841"/><span>éan-chor, imne, a fhir, a fhirg,</span>
<lb n="842"/><span>fhirgna, a fhirn, a fhis, a fhith,</span>
<lb n="843"/><span>is mar ir, irgna, is cóir a</span>
<lb n="844"/><span>rádh, &c.</span></p>
<lb n="845"/>
<lb n="846"/><p><span>Gh.</span></p>
<lb n="847"/>
<lb n="848"/><p><span>Táid dhá chinéal fuaimne</span>
<lb n="849"/><span>ag gh: sonann sí go garbh</span>
<lb n="850"/><span>trá théid roimh ghoth leathan i</span>
<lb n="851"/><span>dtosach focail; .i. ghoineas;</span>
<lb n="852"/><span>arís mar y, ins an bhfocal</span>
<lb n="853"/><span>youth; .i. ghearras, gheallas;</span>
<lb n="854"/><span>i lár nó i ndeireadh focail</span>
<lb n="855"/><span>cailleann sí go huile a</span>
<lb n="856"/><span>son; .i. beathughadh, ceann-</span>
<lb n="857"/><span>aidhe, droighean, figheadhóir,</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="28"/>
<div><lb n="858"/><p><span>greamughadh, leathnughadh,</span>
<lb n="859"/><span>muirighin, neartughadh, oighe,</span>
<lb n="860"/><span>práidhinn, súmaire, tighear-</span>
<lb n="861"/><span>na, ughdaracht, ughra; idir</span>
<lb n="862"/><span>a righibh, i n-ughaim na gcámh-</span>
<lb n="863"/><span>all.  Táid maon leis, trá</span>
<lb n="864"/><span>curthar i lár focail mar</span>
<lb n="865"/><span>astránach, chum dhá shiolla</span>
<lb n="866"/><span>dhéanamh de ghothaidhibh; .i.</span>
<lb n="867"/><span>fuigheall.</span></p>
<lb n="868"/>
<lb n="869"/><p><span>Mh</span></p>
<lb n="870"/>
<lb n="871"/><p><span>Atá dhá fhuaim ag mh.  Trá</span>
<lb n="872"/><span>théidheas roimh ghoth leathan i</span>
<lb n="873"/><span>dtús nó lár focail, sontar</span>
<lb n="874"/><span>é mar v no w mar so síos;</span>
<lb n="875"/><span>.i. mo mholadh, mo mháthair,</span>
<lb n="876"/><span>comhroinn, domhanghrabhadh,</span>
<lb n="877"/><span>Eamhain, foghmhar, gamhain,</span>
<lb n="878"/><span>samhfhuin, comhrainn; nárab</span>
<lb n="879"/><span>omh do mhúr, is mar wolu,</span>
<lb n="880"/><span>wáthair, gawin, sawfhuin,</span>
<lb n="881"/><span>cowroinn, &c., sontar iad</span>
<lb n="882"/><span>so.  Trá thig roimh ghoth caol,</span>
<lb n="883"/><span>i dtosach nó meadhón focail,</span>
<lb n="884"/><span>nó chríochnuigheas éan-fhocal,</span>
<lb n="885"/><span>sontar é mar v; imne, mo</span>
<lb n="886"/><span>mhéar, mo mheanadh, a leimhe,</span>
<lb n="887"/><span>a lámh.  Ní mór nach bhfuil</span>
<lb n="888"/><span>maon i lár focail i ndiaidh</span>
<lb n="889"/><span>gotha leathain; .i. comhursa,</span>
<lb n="890"/><span>sonann sé san ionad</span>
<lb n="891"/><span>chéadna mar an múchshrónach</span>
<lb n="892"/><span>u, trá bhíonn i n-a phríomh-ghoth</span>
<lb n="893"/><span>san tsiolla, .i. samhradh, trá</span>
<lb n="894"/><span>théidheas o, nó u, roimhe, ní</span>
<lb n="895"/><span>mór nach bhfuil maon; .i.</span>
<lb n="896"/><span>comhgar, is mar có-gar a</span>
<lb n="897"/><span>sontar é.</span>
<lb n="898"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="29"/>
<div><lb n="899"/><p><span>Ph</span></p>
<lb n="900"/>
<lb n="901"/><p><span>'Sí fuaim f atá ag ph roimh</span>
<lb n="902"/><span>ghoth nó dheaghfhoghar; .i.</span>
<lb n="903"/><span>a Pheadair, a Phóil, a</span>
<lb n="904"/><span>Phádruig, do pheacuigheas,</span>
<lb n="905"/><span>mo pháiste; is mar a Fea-</span>
<lb n="906"/><span>dair, a Fóil, a Fádruig, do</span>
<lb n="907"/><span>feacuigheas, mo fáiste a</span>
<lb n="908"/><span>sontar iad; acht má lean-</span>
<lb n="909"/><span>ann e no i 'na n-aice, sos-</span>
<lb n="910"/><span>tar go hiomlán iad; .i.</span>
<lb n="911"/><span>a Philip is mar Ilip a</span>
<lb n="912"/><span>bhíonn.</span></p>
<lb n="913"/>
<lb n="914"/><p><span>Sh.</span></p>
<lb n="915"/>
<lb n="916"/><p><span>Is mar h go coitcheann</span>
<lb n="917"/><span>shíor-shonann sh; .i. mo Shlá-</span>
<lb n="918"/><span>nuightheóir, mo shúil, mo shál,</span>
<lb n="919"/><span>mo shearc, mo shéad, mo</span>
<lb n="920"/><span>shiúr, mo shlighe, mo shaoghal:</span>
<lb n="921"/><span>is minic bhíos s mar sh;</span>
<lb n="922"/><span>.i. sean, acht is mar hean</span>
<lb n="923"/><span>sontar shean.</span></p>
<lb n="924"/>
<lb n="925"/><p><span>Th,</span></p>
<lb n="926"/>
<lb n="927"/><p><span>mar an gcéadna, is mar</span>
<lb n="928"/><span>h amháin sontar th; .i. mo</span>
<lb n="929"/><span>thoil, a thinnis chuthaigh; acht is</span>
<lb n="930"/><span>ro-lag a fhuaim i ndeireadh</span>
<lb n="931"/><span>focail; .i. cruth, faith,</span>
<lb n="932"/><span>laith.</span></p>
<lb n="933"/>
<lb n="934"/><p><span>AR NA SEASMHACHAIBH.</span></p>
<lb n="935"/>
<lb n="936"/><p><span>Do bhrígh nach séimhighthear</span>
<lb n="937"/><span>agus nach n-urdhubhthar l,</span>
<lb n="938"/><span>n, ná r, atáid 'na seas-</span>
<lb n="939"/><span>mhachaibh,</span>
<lb n="940"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="30"/>
<div><lb n="941"/><p><span>L.</span></p>
<lb n="942"/>
<lb n="943"/><p><span>Táid dhá fhuaim ag l, glé,</span>
<lb n="944"/><span>is lom; an chéad shon, mar</span>
<lb n="945"/><span>l Saics ins an bhfocal leap;</span>
<lb n="946"/><span>.i. lá, láidir, an dara son</span>
<lb n="947"/><span>mar l, ins an gceann dhéidh-</span>
<lb n="948"/><span>eanach den bhfocal million;</span>
<lb n="949"/><span>.i. leac.</span></p>
<lb n="950"/>
<lb n="951"/><p><span>N.</span></p>
<lb n="952"/>
<lb n="953"/><p><span>Mar a gcéadna is dá fhuaim</span>
<lb n="954"/><span>atá ag n, ar dtús lag</span>
<lb n="955"/><span>mar n san bhfocal fan nó</span>
<lb n="956"/><span>mar n ins an bhfocal Saics</span>
<lb n="957"/><span>never; .i. namhaid, nathair;</span>
<lb n="958"/><span>arís mar n láidir san bhfo-</span>
<lb n="959"/><span>cal neart, nocht, nó mar n</span>
<lb n="960"/><span>san bhfocal Saics news; i</span>
<lb n="961"/><span>ndeireadh focail, trá fill-</span>
<lb n="962"/><span>tear é, sonann sé go teann,</span>
<lb n="963"/><span>.i., ceann, cinn, lann, lonn,</span>
<lb n="964"/><span>fuinn, cuinneach, ceannrach,</span>
<lb n="965"/><span>fann, mann, onn, runn,</span>
<lb n="966"/><span>sonn, tonn-ghó, tonnach.</span></p>
<lb n="967"/>
<lb n="968"/><p><span>R.</span></p>
<lb n="969"/>
<lb n="970"/><p><span>Is dhá fhuaim go sonnradhach</span>
<lb n="971"/><span>bhíos ag r: an chéad shon</span>
<lb n="972"/><span>fada; .i. ramh, nó mar r</span>
<lb n="973"/><span>Saics san bhfocal road,</span>
<lb n="974"/><span>brand, far: an dara fuaim</span>
<lb n="975"/><span>mar r i réim, no mar r</span>
<lb n="976"/><span>Saics san bhfocal clarion.</span>
<lb n="977"/><span>Trá filltear é, bíonn</span>
<lb n="978"/><span>teann; .i. barrach, earr, &c.</span></p>
<lb n="979"/>
<lb n="980"/><p><span>Tá fuaim na litreacha</span>
<lb n="981"/><span>dúbalta chomh do-fhoghlumtha</span>
<lb n="982"/><span>sain is gur fearr a gclos</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="31"/>
<div><lb n="983"/><p><span>ó thíorthach, .i. ó Chonnachtach,</span>
<lb n="984"/><span>Triughthach nó Chiarraidheach</span>
<lb n="985"/><span>béilbhinn.</span></p>
<lb n="986"/>
<lb n="987"/><p><span>TRÁCHT AR NA FUAIM-</span>
<lb n="988"/><span>NIBH FAITHREACHA.</span></p>
<lb n="989"/>
<lb n="990"/><p><span>B, sonann b leathan, mar b</span>
<lb n="991"/><span>san bhfocal bay, Sacs, .i.</span>
<lb n="992"/><span>baile, bana, banrach.</span></p>
<lb n="993"/>
<lb n="994"/><p><span>C, sonann c leathan, mar c</span>
<lb n="995"/><span>Sacs san bhfocal comb,</span>
<lb n="996"/><span>.i. cúl, cus, custum.</span></p>
<lb n="997"/>
<lb n="998"/><p><span>C, sonann c caol, mar k</span>
<lb n="999"/><span>Sacs san bhfocal king,</span>
<lb n="1000"/><span>.i. ceann.</span></p>
<lb n="1001"/>
<lb n="1002"/><p><span>D, sonann d leathan, tiugh</span>
<lb n="1003"/><span>is bog, mar th Sacs san</span>
<lb n="1004"/><span>bhfocal though, .i. dán</span>
<lb n="1005"/><span>quasi thán, darn, dubhán.</span></p>
<lb n="1006"/>
<lb n="1007"/><p><span>D, sonann d caol, mar d</span>
<lb n="1008"/><span>Sacs san bhfocal duke,</span>
<lb n="1009"/><span>.i. déirc, dés, díle, dílis.</span></p>
<lb n="1010"/>
<lb n="1011"/><p><span>F, sonann f gearr, mar f</span>
<lb n="1012"/><span>Sacs san bhfocal fat, .i.</span>
<lb n="1013"/><span>fail.</span></p>
<lb n="1014"/>
<lb n="1015"/><p><span>F, sonann f leathan roimh ai,</span>
<lb n="1016"/><span>oi, ui, mar fw Sacs, .i.</span>
<lb n="1017"/><span>fuidhir, fuigheall, fuighle.</span></p>
<lb n="1018"/>
<lb n="1019"/><p><span>M, sonann m leathan, mar</span>
<lb n="1020"/><span>m Sacs san bhfocal</span>
<lb n="1021"/><span>moon, .i. mór, mós,</span>
<lb n="1022"/><span>mong.</span></p>
<lb n="1023"/>
<lb n="1024"/><p><span>M, sonann m gearr, mar m</span>
<lb n="1025"/><span>Sacs san bhfocal mark,</span>
<lb n="1026"/><span>.i. maith, mear, muin.</span>
<lb n="1027"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="32"/>
<div><lb n="1028"/><p><span>P, sonann p leathan, mar p</span>
<lb n="1029"/><span>Sacs san bhfocal pool, .i.</span>
<lb n="1030"/><span>peann, pronn, pis, páiste.</span></p>
<lb n="1031"/>
<lb n="1032"/><p><span>S, sonann s leathan, mar s</span>
<lb n="1033"/><span>Sacs san bhfocal son, .i.</span>
<lb n="1034"/><span>cos, sál, samh, san, súil.</span></p>
<lb n="1035"/>
<lb n="1036"/><p><span>S, sonann s caol, mar sh</span>
<lb n="1037"/><span>Sacs san bhfocal shift,</span>
<lb n="1038"/><span>fish, .i. searc, silt, sirt,</span>
<lb n="1039"/><span>slis.</span></p>
<lb n="1040"/>
<lb n="1041"/><p><span>T, sonann t leathan, mar</span>
<lb n="1042"/><span>th Sacs san bhfocal</span>
<lb n="1043"/><span>thumb; .i. toil, tom,</span>
<lb n="1044"/><span>tonn, torann.</span></p>
<lb n="1045"/>
<lb n="1046"/><p><span>T, sonann t caol, mar t</span>
<lb n="1047"/><span>Sacs san bhfocal tune;</span>
<lb n="1048"/><span>.i. teine, teas, tig.</span></p>
<lb n="1049"/>
<lb n="1050"/><p><span>Is féidir na comhfhuaimne</span>
<lb n="1051"/><span>a roinn i n-a n-ocht gcinéal:</span>
<lb n="1052"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="33"/>
<div><lb n="1053"/><p><span>Clar Canamhna na gComhfhuaimneadh séimhidhe agus</span>
<lb n="1054"/><span>dúbalta, i dtús is i ndeireadh focal.</span></p>
<lb n="1055"/>
<lb n="1056"/><p><span>Is í fuaim h go caoin,</span>
<lb n="1057"/><span>atá ag ch, dh, gh agus th, i ndiaidh</span>
<lb n="1058"/><span>i nó e, i ndeireadh focal;</span>
<lb n="1059"/><span>acht i ndiaidh gotha leathain</span>
<lb n="1060"/><span>mar u no y; seal maon:</span>
<lb n="1061"/><span>mh is bh mar v leis.</span>
<lb n="1062"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="36"/>
<div><lb n="1063"/><p><span>Bheir Gramadaigh urdu-</span>
<lb n="1064"/><span>bhadh, uirdiobhadh, nó teimh-</span>
<lb n="1065"/><span>eal ar fhocal, chum easbhadh</span>
<lb n="1066"/><span>focail i n-a rann nó díth</span>
<lb n="1067"/><span>fuaimne litre i n-a bhfocal</span>
<lb n="1068"/><span>a mhíniughadh.</span></p>
<lb n="1069"/>
<lb n="1070"/><p><span>Atá cumhacht na gcomh-</span>
<lb n="1071"/><span>fhuaim ar a chéile chomh bríogh-</span>
<lb n="1072"/><span>mhar sain, 's go dtochtann</span>
<lb n="1073"/><span>ceann aca a fhoisgeach.  Is</span>
<lb n="1074"/><span>i dtosach focal bhaineas le</span>
<lb n="1075"/><span>naethibh nó nídhthibh fághthar na</span>
<lb n="1076"/><span>comhfhuaimne-se, le' ráidh-</span>
<lb n="1077"/><span>tear astránach, imne, ins</span>
<lb n="1078"/><span>na foclaibh-se: ar ndóirne,</span>
<lb n="1079"/><span>ar ndóchas, ar ndiachta, a</span>
<lb n="1080"/><span>gcumhachta, a gcosamhlacht,</span>
<lb n="1081"/><span>a gcinn, a gcinnbheirt.</span></p>
<lb n="1082"/>
<lb n="1083"/><p><span>Dá bhrígh sin do réir</span>
<lb n="1084"/><span>reachta ar dteanga, is éigin</span>
<lb n="1085"/><span>dóibh súd a bheith i dtosach</span>
<lb n="1086"/><span>focal, óir, tré dhúthchas</span>
<lb n="1087"/><span>atáid coigcríoch do na foc-</span>
<lb n="1088"/><span>laibh d'á bhfuilid réamh-</span>
<lb n="1089"/><span>churtha.  Táid comhfhuaimne</span>
<lb n="1090"/><span>áirighthe ann urdhubhas a</span>
<lb n="1091"/><span>bhfoisgeacha, 's go dtochtar</span>
<lb n="1092"/><span>iad go hiomlán, amhail is</span>
<lb n="1093"/><span>gan a mbeith; ní meastar</span>
<lb n="1094"/><span>iad so a bheith astránach ná</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="37"/>
<div><lb n="1095"/><p><span>coimhthigheach, acht gur éigin</span>
<lb n="1096"/><span>iad fás i ndíochlaonadh na</span>
<lb n="1097"/><span>nduar, is na mbriathar.</span></p>
<lb n="1098"/>
<lb n="1099"/><p><span>Cum ar dteanga Ghaedh-</span>
<lb n="1100"/><span>ilge a shíor-chongbháil beacht</span>
<lb n="1101"/><span>i n-a fíor-eagar, dual is</span>
<lb n="1102"/><span>milse, is ro-riachtanach do</span>
<lb n="1103"/><span>na sár-ughdaraibh gach prímh-</span>
<lb n="1104"/><span>litir shealbach a sgríobhadh;</span>
<lb n="1105"/><span>muna mbeith go hannamh i</span>
<lb n="1106"/><span>ndán.</span></p>
<lb n="1107"/>
<lb n="1108"/><p><span>Trá urdhubhas bh f, bí</span>
<lb n="1109"/><span>'na mhalartach, agus sonann</span>
<lb n="1110"/><span>mar w Sacs, trá leanas</span>
<lb n="1111"/><span>goth leathan, .i. ar bhfás,</span>
<lb n="1112"/><span>bhar bhfonn, bhar bhfuil; acht</span>
<lb n="1113"/><span>roimh ghoth chaol mar v:</span>
<lb n="1114"/><span>.i. ar bhfir, is mar ar vir</span>
<lb n="1115"/><span>shonann sí.</span></p>
<lb n="1116"/>
<lb n="1117"/><p><span>Trá urdhubhthar g le n,</span>
<lb n="1118"/><span>níl go hiomlán maon, acht</span>
<lb n="1119"/><span>mar leath-shon géar a bhíos;</span>
<lb n="1120"/><span>.i. mar ng san bhfocal king;</span>
<lb n="1121"/><span>.i. ar ngnás; mar an gcéad-</span>
<lb n="1122"/><span>na, trá théidheas g roimh</span>
<lb n="1123"/><span>n, congbhuigheann n leath-shon</span>
<lb n="1124"/><span>mar gn i ngnomon, .i. gnáth:</span>
<lb n="1125"/><span>trá thig i lár focal: .i.</span>
<lb n="1126"/><span>teanga, caingean, is éigin</span>
<lb n="1127"/><span>a sonadh mar tea-nga, cai-</span>
<lb n="1128"/><span>ngean.  Ní bhfuil éan-fhuaim</span>
<lb n="1129"/><span>san teanga Shacsanaigh i</span>
<lb n="1130"/><span>gcosamhlacht chomh soilléir</span>
<lb n="1131"/><span>lé' dtigh iad so a shonadh: is</span>
<lb n="1132"/><span>usa a bhfoghluim le n-a</span>
<lb n="1133"/><span>gclos ó thíorthach.</span></p>
<lb n="1134"/>
<lb n="1135"/><p><span>Ní urdhubhthar s, comhfhad</span>
<lb n="1136"/><span>is bhíos sealbhach, is bhíos</span>
<lb n="1137"/><span>duairghiolla roimhe, ná roimh</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="38"/>
<div><lb n="1138"/><p><span>maon ní séimhighthear í; acht</span>
<lb n="1139"/><span>bí 'na mhalartach ar mhodh</span>
<lb n="1140"/><span>eile; .i. mo shlat bárr, mo</span>
<lb n="1141"/><span>shlaite, urdhubhthar s do</span>
<lb n="1142"/><span>shíor le t.  Ar mhodhaibh, trá</span>
<lb n="1143"/><span>curthar an t-alt do réir</span>
<lb n="1144"/><span>inscne na nduar rompa,</span>
<lb n="1145"/><span>.i. don tslait, lámh an tsag-</span>
<lb n="1146"/><span>airt.  Bíd na hurdhubhtha so</span>
<lb n="1147"/><span>ar thairgeachaibh is ar fhor-</span>
<lb n="1148"/><span>carachaibh áirightheacha san</span>
<lb n="1149"/><span>uimhir uathaidh, farra siu-</span>
<lb n="1150"/><span>dhuaraibh, is ins an deilbheach</span>
<lb n="1151"/><span>iolraidh.</span></p>
<lb n="1152"/>
<lb n="1153"/><p><span>Tá feidhm leo i mbriath-</span>
<lb n="1154"/><span>raibh, i gcaidreachaibh, i</span>
<lb n="1155"/><span>sruithbhriathraibh eagnair-</span>
<lb n="1156"/><span>ceacha, agus ins an iriseachtach.</span></p>
<lb n="1157"/>
<lb n="1158"/><p><span>Táid na príomh-chomh-</span>
<lb n="1159"/><span>fhuaimne sealbhacha (mar so</span>
<lb n="1160"/><span>urdhubhtha) chomh feidhmeamh-</span>
<lb n="1161"/><span>ail 's nach dtig a gcur as a</span>
<lb n="1162"/><span>n-eagar, níos mó ná thig g</span>
<lb n="1163"/><span>Sacs a chur as gnat, nó</span>
<lb n="1164"/><span>gnaw; óir, thairis sin, bheith</span>
<lb n="1165"/><span>a mbrígh go hiomlán</span>
<lb n="1166"/><span>doichéillidhe; muna mbeith</span>
<lb n="1167"/><span>meadhón cumaisgeacha nó</span>
<lb n="1168"/><span>i ndán, is sin go hannamh.</span></p>
<lb n="1169"/>
<lb n="1170"/><p><span>Na dáil chéadna urdhubh-</span>
<lb n="1171"/><span>as an chomhfhuaim thosaigh,</span>
<lb n="1172"/><span>cuireann siad n roimh ghoth-</span>
<lb n="1173"/><span>aidhibh: .i. ar n-ár, ar n-éan,</span>
<lb n="1174"/><span>ar n-im, ar n-ór, ar n-úr,</span>
<lb n="1175"/><span>mar an gcéadna, a, ar,</span>
<lb n="1176"/><span>bhar, bhur, dá, is tuilleadh</span>
<lb n="1177"/><span>eile, urdhubhaid na focail</span>
<lb n="1178"/><span>a leanas; trá shéimhigheas</span>
<lb n="1179"/><span>is urdhubhas a na malart-</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="39"/>
<div><lb n="1180"/><p><span>acha: .i., a chos, a mbád,</span>
<lb n="1181"/><span>ar n-athair, ar ndán, bhar</span>
<lb n="1182"/><span>mbruid, bhur ndos: dá</span>
<lb n="1183"/><span>ndíolfainn, dá gcuirfinn,</span>
<lb n="1184"/><span>dá bhfillfinn, dá dtoll-</span>
<lb n="1185"/><span>fainn, dá ngearrfainn, dá</span>
<lb n="1186"/><span>bpeacuighinn, dá mbuail-</span>
<lb n="1187"/><span>finn, a ndéanamh.</span></p>
<lb n="1188"/>
<lb n="1189"/><p><span>Trá curthar an t-alt an</span>
<lb n="1190"/><span>roimh dhuar bhanda, thosuigh-</span>
<lb n="1191"/><span>eas lé malartach san</span>
<lb n="1192"/><span>tsluinneach, is éigin don</span>
<lb n="1193"/><span>chomhfhuaim a séimhiughadh, .i.</span>
<lb n="1194"/><span>an bhean; má's den inscne</span>
<lb n="1195"/><span>fheardha, ní athruigheann .i.</span>
<lb n="1196"/><span>an fear; acht má théidheann</span>
<lb n="1197"/><span>an roimh mhalartach, curthar</span>
<lb n="1198"/><span>an séimhiughadh ar an deil-</span>
<lb n="1199"/><span>bheach, má's den inscne</span>
<lb n="1200"/><span>fheardha an duar: .i. sluinn-</span>
<lb n="1201"/><span>each, an crann, deilbheach,</span>
<lb n="1202"/><span>an chrainn, tairgeach, don</span>
<lb n="1203"/><span>gcrann.</span></p>
<lb n="1204"/>
<lb n="1205"/><p><span>Is minic a múchtar goth</span>
<lb n="1206"/><span>ins an nduairghiolla shealbh-</span>
<lb n="1207"/><span>ach, do réir ndeagh-ghlóracht</span>
<lb n="1208"/><span>na nod, trá curthar é roimh</span>
<lb n="1209"/><span>fhocal a thosuigheas le goth</span>
<lb n="1210"/><span>nó le f, .i. m'éadan,</span>
<lb n="1211"/><span>m'fhear; ní mo éadan ná</span>
<lb n="1212"/><span>mo fhear is cóir; athruigh-</span>
<lb n="1213"/><span>thear d i ndo go t; .i.</span>
<lb n="1214"/><span>d'éadan, t'éadan, t'fhear:</span>
<lb n="1215"/><span>mar an gcéadna an siu-</span>
<lb n="1216"/><span>dhuar do: .i. d'Éamonn,</span>
<lb n="1217"/><span>d'fhior: agus fós an goth a</span>
<lb n="1218"/><span>san alt an, trá leanas o,</span>
<lb n="1219"/><span>do, fo nó fa: .i. ón mbád,</span>
<lb n="1220"/><span>don áit, fán gcoill, fón</span>
<lb n="1221"/><span>tom, im láimh, dod láimh, ód</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="40"/>
<div><lb n="1222"/><p><span>láimh; ní ó an mbád, do an</span>
<lb n="1223"/><span>áit, fa an gcoill, fo an</span>
<lb n="1224"/><span>tom, ann mo láimh, do do</span>
<lb n="1225"/><span>láimh ná ó do láimh is cóir</span>
<lb n="1226"/><span>a rádh.  Séimhigheann do agus</span>
<lb n="1227"/><span>mo malartacha, .i. do</span>
<lb n="1228"/><span>cheann, mo ghlún.  Sontar</span>
<lb n="1229"/><span>n san alt an le foclaibh</span>
<lb n="1230"/><span>leanas í, má tosuighthear le</span>
<lb n="1231"/><span>goth nó leis an litir f:</span>
<lb n="1232"/><span>eadhón, a nachros, a nfhal-</span>
<lb n="1233"/><span>luing: t mar an gcéadna:</span>
<lb n="1234"/><span>.i. an t-iasg.</span></p>
<lb n="1235"/>
<lb n="1236"/><p><span>Is múchadh no cadadh ann</span>
<lb n="1237"/><span>trá baintear brígh freas-</span>
<lb n="1238"/><span>tail h ó chomhfhuaim shéimh-</span>
<lb n="1239"/><span>idhe; agus beirthear ar ais</span>
<lb n="1240"/><span>í chum a chéad shon, comh</span>
<lb n="1241"/><span>maith 's nach mbeith h ar</span>
<lb n="1242"/><span>éanchor ann.  Trá thig comh-</span>
<lb n="1243"/><span>fhuaimne d'éan-chinéal diaidh</span>
<lb n="1244"/><span>i ndiaidh a chéile, lé' dtig</span>
<lb n="1245"/><span>a séimhiughadh; bíodh nó ná</span>
<lb n="1246"/><span>bíodh an chéad aca séimhidhe,</span>
<lb n="1247"/><span>bacann sí séimhiughadh an</span>
<lb n="1248"/><span>chinn eile: bean dhubh, bean</span>
<lb n="1249"/><span>dubh, gontha, gonthar, gonta,</span>
<lb n="1250"/><span>buailthear, luaidhthear.</span>
<lb n="1251"/><span>Mar so chongbhaigheann d, m</span>
<lb n="1252"/><span>agus p a chéile ó shéimh-</span>
<lb n="1253"/><span>iughadh; mar an gcéadna c</span>
<lb n="1254"/><span>is g, d is t.  Caduigheann</span>
<lb n="1255"/><span>l, n, is s, ar a dteacht roimh</span>
<lb n="1256"/><span>d is t, na séimhidhe.</span></p>
<lb n="1257"/>
<lb n="1258"/><p><span>Is báthadh cómhfhuaimneadh</span>
<lb n="1259"/><span>ann, an uair a théidheas</span>
<lb n="1260"/><span>dhá litir d'éan-chinéal i</span>
<lb n="1261"/><span>bhfocal cumaisgthe, ionnus</span>
<lb n="1262"/><span>go gcríochnuigheann aon aca</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="41"/>
<div><lb n="1263"/><p><span>mír, trá thosuigheas an</span>
<lb n="1264"/><span>ceann eile; gur is nach</span>
<lb n="1265"/><span>sonann acht aon aca, trá</span>
<lb n="1266"/><span>múchtar an ceann eile: .i.,</span>
<lb n="1267"/><span>sonann brat tirim, brai-</span>
<lb n="1268"/><span>tirm, searbh-bhlas, searbhlas.</span></p>
<lb n="1269"/>
<lb n="1270"/><p><span>I bhfoclaibh dhó nó níos</span>
<lb n="1271"/><span>mó de shiollaíbh, is éigin</span>
<lb n="1272"/><span>do chóimhfhreagairt na</span>
<lb n="1273"/><span>ngothaidhe bheith eagarach;</span>
<lb n="1274"/><span>trá bhíos an goth déidheanach</span>
<lb n="1275"/><span>den chéad tsiolla leathan,</span>
<lb n="1276"/><span>is éigin don chéad ghoth san</span>
<lb n="1277"/><span>tsiolla a leanas bheith</span>
<lb n="1278"/><span>leathan leis; is trá bhíos</span>
<lb n="1279"/><span>goth caol san tsiolla dhéi-</span>
<lb n="1280"/><span>dheanach, is éigin don ghoth</span>
<lb n="1281"/><span>théidheas roimhe bheith caol</span>
<lb n="1282"/><span>amhlaidh, .i. is fíor-óir-</span>
<lb n="1283"/><span>léaghadh duine; acht is</span>
<lb n="1284"/><span>droch-eagar dune.  Is í</span>
<lb n="1285"/><span>seo an riaghail le' n-abarthar</span>
<lb n="1286"/><span>caol le caol, is leathan le</span>
<lb n="1287"/><span>leathan.</span></p>
<lb n="1288"/>
<lb n="1289"/><p><span>I bhfoclaibh d'ilshiollaíbh, is</span>
<lb n="1290"/><span>cóir an chéad tsiolla a</span>
<lb n="1291"/><span>chríochnughadh i gcomhfhuaim;</span>
<lb n="1292"/><span>.i., fír-éan; an chuid eile</span>
<lb n="1293"/><span>tosughadh le goth, no cumh-</span>
<lb n="1294"/><span>fhuaim; .i., searc-amh-ail,</span>
<lb n="1295"/><span>dar-san-tacht; acht i gcum-</span>
<lb n="1296"/><span>aisgeachaibh amháin; .i., adh-</span>
<lb n="1297"/><span>fhuathmhair-eacht, neamh-choimh-</span>
<lb n="1298"/><span>theach.</span></p>
<lb n="1299"/>
<lb n="1300"/><p><span>AR NA hURDHUBHADHAIBH,</span>
<lb n="1301"/><span>&c.</span></p>
<lb n="1302"/>
<lb n="1303"/><p><span>Is urdhubhadh ann, trá</span>
<lb n="1304"/><span>sostar an phríomh nó an</span>
<lb n="1305"/><span>chomhfhuaim shealbhach i n-éan-</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="42"/>
<div><lb n="1306"/><p><span>fhocal le linn táithte comh-</span>
<lb n="1307"/><span>fhuaime eile, i n-a gcong-</span>
<lb n="1308"/><span>bhuigheann an litir bhisigh a</span>
<lb n="1309"/><span>son, .i. ar gciall; sostar</span>
<lb n="1310"/><span>c le teacht g.</span></p>
<lb n="1311"/>
<lb n="1312"/><p><span>CLÁR NA nURDHUBHADH.</span></p>
<lb n="1313"/>
<lb n="1314"/><p><span>Urdhubhthar b le m &c.</span>
<lb n="1315"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="43"/>
<div><lb n="1316"/><p><span>LÉIGHEANN.</span></p>
<lb n="1317"/>
<lb n="1318"/><p><span>Duair is Duairghiollaidhe</span>
<lb n="1319"/><span>Sealbhacha.</span>
<lb n="1320"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="45"/>
<div><lb n="1321"/><p><span>cóir, trá shonann an fhuaim</span>
<lb n="1322"/><span>ionann, agus nach bhfuil an</span>
<lb n="1323"/><span>t-athrughadh neimhionann</span>
<lb n="1324"/><span>don phríomhfhocal, imne, is</span>
<lb n="1325"/><span>cóimhionann laodh, fiadhaighe,</span>
<lb n="1326"/><span>nó laogh is fiaghaidhe a</span>
<lb n="1327"/><span>sgríobhadh; acht ní cóir</span>
<lb n="1328"/><span>naoidhin a sgríobhadh ar son</span>
<lb n="1329"/><span>naoighin do bhrígh go bhfuil</span>
<lb n="1330"/><span>cumasgtha ó nae agus gein.</span></p>
<lb n="1331"/>
<lb n="1332"/><p><span>Is mionfhocal gach fuidhir</span>
<lb n="1333"/><span>a réamhchurthar le duar, le</span>
<lb n="1334"/><span>briathar, no le sruithbhria-</span>
<lb n="1335"/><span>thar, chum a ghné, a cáil-</span>
<lb n="1336"/><span>lidheacht, nó a ghnáth-bhrígh a</span>
<lb n="1337"/><span>shoillsiughadh; táid na mion-</span>
<lb n="1338"/><span>fhocla réamhchurtha le modh-</span>
<lb n="1339"/><span>thaibh, 'na gcomharthaidhibh do</span>
<lb n="1340"/><span>na modhthaibh d'á mbeanann:</span>
<lb n="1341"/><span>neartuighid mionfhocla</span>
<lb n="1342"/><span>réamhchurtha le briathraibh a</span>
<lb n="1343"/><span>mbrígh, .i. anchaoin, aith-</span>
<lb n="1344"/><span>bhreathnuigh, aithghein; ghníd</span>
<lb n="1345"/><span>mionfhocla réimhbhriathar</span>
<lb n="1346"/><span>de thládhfhoclaibh le linn a</span>
<lb n="1347"/><span>gcur rompa, .i. go milis,</span>
<lb n="1348"/><span>go garg, go luath.  Táid</span>
<lb n="1349"/><span>cuid díobh diúltach, cinn-</span>
<lb n="1350"/><span>teach, fiafraightheach, cosgach,</span>
<lb n="1351"/><span>connradhach, deimhneach, is</span>
<lb n="1352"/><span>roighneach.  Meastar le</span>
<lb n="1353"/><span>dream nár chóir na mion-</span>
<lb n="1354"/><span>fhocla bheith corr don riaghail</span>
<lb n="1355"/><span>caol le caol is leathan le</span>
<lb n="1356"/><span>leathan i n-eagar na ngoth-</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="46"/>
<div><lb n="1357"/><p><span>aidhe a leanas iad i n-a</span>
<lb n="1358"/><span>gcumasg, nó i n-a ngléire;</span>
<lb n="1359"/><span>.i. inmholta, anbhfios, romhi-</span>
<lb n="1360"/><span>lis, sármhilis, fearrde.</span>
<lb n="1361"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="46"/>
<div><lb n="1362"/><p><span>Deich nDiúltadh na Gaedhilge, annso síos.</span>
<lb n="1363"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="47"/>
<div><lb n="1364"/><p><span>Cuid ar mhodh eile.</span></p>
<lb n="1365"/>
<lb n="1366"/><p><span>TRÁCHT AR SHANAS NA bhFOCAL.</span></p>
<lb n="1367"/>
<lb n="1368"/><p><span>Is ros Graiméar nó broinn-</span>
<lb n="1369"/><span>fhréamh lé a dtuigmid léigh-</span>
<lb n="1370"/><span>eadh, sgríobhadh, is labhairt</span>
<lb n="1371"/><span>go beacht.</span></p>
<lb n="1372"/>
<lb n="1373"/><p><span>Táid ceithre míre i mbroinn-</span>
<lb n="1374"/><span>fhréamh: .i. Óirléghadh, Fo-</span>
<lb n="1375"/><span>rusfhocail, Cóimhréir, is</span>
<lb n="1376"/><span>Áilbhlas.</span></p>
<lb n="1377"/>
<lb n="1378"/><p><span>'Sé an tÓirléaghadh fíor-</span>
<lb n="1379"/><span>eagar na litreacha.</span></p>
<lb n="1380"/>
<lb n="1381"/><p><span>'Sé an Forusfhocail sanas</span>
<lb n="1382"/><span>na mbriathar.</span></p>
<lb n="1383"/>
<lb n="1384"/><p><span>'Sí an Chóimhréir fíor-ughaim</span>
<lb n="1385"/><span>na bhfocal le chéile.</span></p>
<lb n="1386"/>
<lb n="1387"/><p><span>'Sé an tÁilbhlas fíor-chan-</span>
<lb n="1388"/><span>amhain na mbriathar.</span></p>
<lb n="1389"/>
<lb n="1390"/><p><span>Táid naoi míre i n-urlabhra;</span>
<lb n="1391"/><span>.i. alt, duar, duarghiolla,</span>
<lb n="1392"/><span>briathar, sruithbhriathar,</span>
<lb n="1393"/><span>réimhbhriathar, comhnasg,</span>
<lb n="1394"/><span>siudhuar agus áilbhreas.</span></p>
<lb n="1395"/>
<lb n="1396"/><p><span>Is mír d'ar gcaint an t-alt,</span>
<lb n="1397"/><span>thigeas roimh lánfhoclaibh, le</span>
<lb n="1398"/><span>n-a mbrígh dhoichríochta</span>
<lb n="1399"/><span>dhearbhughadh, .i., ceann,</span>
<lb n="1400"/><span>cum, is ceannfhaire; an</span>
<lb n="1401"/><span>t-abhall, an t-éan is an</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="48"/>
<div><lb n="1402"/><p><span>t-iasgaire; an t-ór, an</span>
<lb n="1403"/><span>t-uan is an t-urchaire; an</span>
<lb n="1404"/><span>áit, an eala, is an fhionnóg,</span>
<lb n="1405"/><span>an irís, an inis, is an</span>
<lb n="1406"/><span>tsliseog; an óisg, an ola,</span>
<lb n="1407"/><span>is an ultóg.</span></p>
<lb n="1408"/>
<lb n="1409"/><p><span>Táid dhá ghné nduar; .i.</span>
<lb n="1410"/><span>lánfhocal is tládhfhocal.</span></p>
<lb n="1411"/>
<lb n="1412"/><p><span>Is duar nó lánfhocal gach</span>
<lb n="1413"/><span>nídh chímid, chloismid nó</span>
<lb n="1414"/><span>thuigmid, .i. fear, féar,</span>
<lb n="1415"/><span>gaoth, géim, meas, méin,</span>
<lb n="1416"/><span>ceann, ciall, agus tinneas.</span></p>
<lb n="1417"/>
<lb n="1418"/><p><span>Roinntear an lánfhocal i n-a</span>
<lb n="1419"/><span>ghné dhíleas is choitcheann.</span></p>
<lb n="1420"/>
<lb n="1421"/><p><span>Bí an lánfhocal díleas, trá</span>
<lb n="1422"/><span>fhreagras d'éan-nídh de</span>
<lb n="1423"/><span>chinéal; .i. Ádhamh, Éire,</span>
<lb n="1424"/><span>Áth Cliath.  Is duar coit-</span>
<lb n="1425"/><span>cheann fhreagras don uile</span>
<lb n="1426"/><span>chinéal; .i. fear, cathair,</span>
<lb n="1427"/><span>abhainn, saoghal. bean,</span>
<lb n="1428"/><span>is muintir, bó, caora,</span>
<lb n="1429"/><span>is olann.</span></p>
<lb n="1430"/>
<lb n="1431"/><p><span>Bíonn uimhir, insgne, orarus</span>
<lb n="1432"/><span>soidhbhris nó díochlaonadh.</span>
<lb n="1433"/><span>alt is airdiomrádh ag</span>
<lb n="1434"/><span>duaraibh.</span></p>
<lb n="1435"/>
<lb n="1436"/><p><span>Is tládhfhocal gach focal</span>
<lb n="1437"/><span>fhoillsigheas cáilidheacht an</span>
<lb n="1438"/><span>duair, .i. flann, fíor, gann,</span>
<lb n="1439"/><span>géar, maith, menn is monach;</span>
<lb n="1440"/><span>síoth-sgéal, teagasg glan,</span>
<lb n="1441"/><span>daoine grinne, deaghmhná,</span>
<lb n="1442"/><span>searbhfoghantuidhe umhal.</span></p>
<lb n="1443"/>
<lb n="1444"/><p><span>Is féidir tládhfhocail a chur</span>
<lb n="1445"/><span>i ngléire nó i n-iomarbhuidhe</span>
<lb n="1446"/><span>le n-a mbrígh a bhisiughadh</span>
<lb n="1447"/><span>nó a laghdughadh.</span>
<lb n="1448"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="49"/>
<div><lb n="1449"/><p><span>Táid trí céimeanna i</span>
<lb n="1450"/><span>ngléire; .i. dearbhthach,</span>
<lb n="1451"/><span>coibhchéimeach, is sáirchéi-</span>
<lb n="1452"/><span>meach, .i. árd, níos airde,</span>
<lb n="1453"/><span>ro-árd; maith, níos fearr,</span>
<lb n="1454"/><span>sár-mhaith.</span></p>
<lb n="1455"/>
<lb n="1456"/><p><span>Táid dhá insgne; .i. firinsg-</span>
<lb n="1457"/><span>ne agus baininsgne.</span></p>
<lb n="1458"/>
<lb n="1459"/><p><span>Foillsigheann an t-insgne</span>
<lb n="1460"/><span>an gné.  Is firinsgne gach</span>
<lb n="1461"/><span>fireann; .i. fear, leoghan</span>
<lb n="1462"/><span>is scafaire, reithe, tarbh is</span>
<lb n="1463"/><span>sealgaire, coileach, cullach,</span>
<lb n="1464"/><span>is groighire, taoiseach, luam,</span>
<lb n="1465"/><span>ríghfhine, oide, file, cea-</span>
<lb n="1466"/><span>tharnach.</span></p>
<lb n="1467"/>
<lb n="1468"/><p><span>Is baininsgne gach boin-</span>
<lb n="1469"/><span>eann; .i. bean, murdhúch is</span>
<lb n="1470"/><span>lonnóg; bó, caora, is iar-</span>
<lb n="1471"/><span>ndoe; cráin, láir, is iaróg;</span>
<lb n="1472"/><span>gé, ciarseach, is tonnóg.</span></p>
<lb n="1473"/>
<lb n="1474"/><p><span>Táid dhá uimhir; .i. uimhir</span>
<lb n="1475"/><span>uathaidh, is uimhir iolraidh.</span></p>
<lb n="1476"/>
<lb n="1477"/><p><span>Is uimhir uathaidh aon, .i. aon bhó.</span>
<lb n="1478"/><span>Is uimhir iolraidh níos mó.</span></p>
<lb n="1479"/>
<lb n="1480"/><p><span>Uimhir uath.</span>
<lb n="1481"/><span>fear, cú, is each</span>
<lb n="1482"/><span>bean, bó, is beach.</span></p>
<lb n="1483"/>
<lb n="1484"/><p><span>Uimhir iol.</span>
<lb n="1485"/><span>fir, coin, is eich.</span>
<lb n="1486"/><span>mná, ba, is beich.</span></p>
<lb n="1487"/>
<lb n="1488"/><p><span>'Siad oraruis na nduar na</span>
<lb n="1489"/><span>hathruighthe a ghníthear i n-a</span>
<lb n="1490"/><span>dtús is i n-a ndeireadh,</span>
<lb n="1491"/><span>le' bhfoillsighthear an dáil</span>
<lb n="1492"/><span>nó an dóigh le a mbaineann</span>
<lb n="1493"/><span>siad do nídhthibh eile.</span></p>
<lb n="1494"/>
<lb n="1495"/><p><span>Táid sé oraruis; .i. sluinn-</span>
<lb n="1496"/><span>each, deilbheach, tairgeach,</span>
<lb n="1497"/><span>liudhuarach, nuailleach, is</span>
<lb n="1498"/><span>forcarach.</span>
<lb n="1499"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="50"/>
<div><lb n="1500"/><p><span>Tig an sluinneach i ndiaidh</span>
<lb n="1501"/><span>an bhriathair; .i. léigheann</span>
<lb n="1502"/><span>an sgoláire maith go grinn.</span></p>
<lb n="1503"/>
<lb n="1504"/><p><span>Foillsigheann an deilbheach</span>
<lb n="1505"/><span>seilbh; .i. lámh athara.</span></p>
<lb n="1506"/>
<lb n="1507"/><p><span>“Do” nó “don” is cron don</span>
<lb n="1508"/><span>tairgeach; .i. don bhfear.</span></p>
<lb n="1509"/>
<lb n="1510"/><p><span>Tig an liudhuarach i ndiaidh</span>
<lb n="1511"/><span>an bhriathair; .i. léigheann</span>
<lb n="1512"/><span>an sgoláire maith a leabhar.</span></p>
<lb n="1513"/>
<lb n="1514"/><p><span>An t-uailleach mar an</span>
<lb n="1515"/><span>deilbheach, acht go bhfuil a,</span>
<lb n="1516"/><span>ó nó gairm mar chomharthaíbh</span>
<lb n="1517"/><span>eile go coitcheann leis; .i.</span>
<lb n="1518"/><span>á fhir, a mhuirnín mo chroidhe;</span>
<lb n="1519"/><span>a Mháire nó Mhuire!</span></p>
<lb n="1520"/>
<lb n="1521"/><p><span>An forcarach mar an tair-</span>
<lb n="1522"/><span>geach; .i. ón bhfear, ón</span>
<lb n="1523"/><span>mnaoi, ón tsliabh.</span></p>
<lb n="1524"/>
<lb n="1525"/><p><span>TRÁCHT AR AN ALT.</span></p>
<lb n="1526"/>
<lb n="1527"/><p><span>Níl insa nGaedhilg acht</span>
<lb n="1528"/><span>an t-éan-phríom-alt (an),</span>
<lb n="1529"/><span>cóimhionann i mbrígh leis</span>
<lb n="1530"/><span>an tSacs-alt chríochach the.</span>
<lb n="1531"/><span>Ní athruigheann sé i n-éan-</span>
<lb n="1532"/><span>orarus san uimhir uathaidh,</span>
<lb n="1533"/><span>acht i nduaraibh banda, trá</span>
<lb n="1534"/><span>ghnídheas “na” 'san deilbheach</span>
<lb n="1535"/><span>amháin.  Ghní na 'san uimhir</span>
<lb n="1536"/><span>iolraidh go huile, acht san</span>
<lb n="1537"/><span>deilbheach de dhuaraibh a</span>
<lb n="1538"/><span>thosuigheas le goth, le d nó</span>
<lb n="1539"/><span>g, a ghlacas n mar bhiseach,</span>
<lb n="1540"/><span>agus tháthuigheas leis an</span>
<lb n="1541"/><span>gcéad litir den nduar; .i.</span>
<lb n="1542"/><span>na n-inghean; na n-imtheacht;</span>
<lb n="1543"/><span>na ndeoch; na ndiacht: na</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="51"/>
<div><lb n="1544"/><p><span>ngort; na nguidhbhreitheamh.</span>
<lb n="1545"/><span>Is mar so a díochlaonthar an</span>
<lb n="1546"/><span>t-alt:</span></p>
<lb n="1547"/>
<lb n="1548"/><p><span>uimhir uathaidh.</span></p>
<lb n="1549"/>
<lb n="1550"/><p><span>Gidh curthar “a'” go minic</span>
<lb n="1551"/><span>i n-ionad “an,” acht tá cor</span>
<lb n="1552"/><span>san modh so, go ndéantar</span>
<lb n="1553"/><span>an duar a leanas “an,”</span>
<lb n="1554"/><span>agus an duar théidheas roimh</span>
<lb n="1555"/><span>“a'” tréan; .i. ceann a' mhar-</span>
<lb n="1556"/><span>caigh, ceann an mharcaigh.</span></p>
<lb n="1557"/>
<lb n="1558"/><p><span>Glacann na duair bhanda</span>
<lb n="1559"/><span>thosuigheas le goth h i dtús</span>
<lb n="1560"/><span>an deilbhigh, le n-a sonadh</span>
<lb n="1561"/><span>go teann; acht congbhuigh-</span>
<lb n="1562"/><span>eann an goth a neart ins</span>
<lb n="1563"/><span>na duair fheardha; .i. taobh</span>
<lb n="1564"/><span>dheas a héadain; taobh dheas</span>
<lb n="1565"/><span>a éadain.</span></p>
<lb n="1566"/>
<lb n="1567"/><p><span>SOIDHBHRIS NA nDUAR.</span></p>
<lb n="1568"/>
<lb n="1569"/><p><span>Táid trí soidhbhris ag duair</span>
<lb n="1570"/><span>fheardha, a trí eile ag</span>
<lb n="1571"/><span>duair bhanda.  Is den</span>
<lb n="1572"/><span>chéad shoidhbhreas na duair</span>
<lb n="1573"/><span>fheardha thosuigheas le goth,</span>
<lb n="1574"/><span>a ghlacas t- i dtosach an</span>
<lb n="1575"/><span>tsluinnigh is an liudh. uath-</span>
<lb n="1576"/><span>aidh, agus h- le gach orarus</span>
<lb n="1577"/><span>iolraidh, acht na deilbhigh</span>
<lb n="1578"/><span>amháin a ghlacas n-; caol-</span>
<lb n="1579"/><span>uigheann siad insan deilbh-</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="52"/>
<div><lb n="1580"/><p><span>each uath. agus ins an</span>
<lb n="1581"/><span>tsluinneach is liudh. iol-</span>
<lb n="1582"/><span>raidh; muna bhfuinidh siad i</span>
<lb n="1583"/><span>ngoth, a mhaireas ionann</span>
<lb n="1584"/><span>i ndeireadh gach oraruis,</span>
<lb n="1585"/><span>acht san tairgeach is forc.</span>
<lb n="1586"/><span>uath. a ghlacas ar uairibh -bh:</span>
<lb n="1587"/><span>Bí e, idh nó idhe san tsluin-</span>
<lb n="1588"/><span>neach liudh. is nuail. iol-</span>
<lb n="1589"/><span>raidh; ghní na duair chaol-</span>
<lb n="1590"/><span>uighthe go minic an dara</span>
<lb n="1591"/><span>sluinneach, liudh. is nuail.</span>
<lb n="1592"/><span>i n-“a,” is -bh mar thuas.</span></p>
<lb n="1593"/>
<lb n="1594"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1595"/><span>s. an t-easbog grinn</span>
<lb n="1596"/><span>d. an easbuig ghrinn</span>
<lb n="1597"/><span>t. do'n easbog ghrinn</span>
<lb n="1598"/><span>l. an t-easbog grinn</span>
<lb n="1599"/><span>n. a easbuig ghrinn</span>
<lb n="1600"/><span>f. ó'n easbog grinn</span></p>
<lb n="1601"/>
<lb n="1602"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1603"/><span>s. na heasbuig ghrinne</span>
<lb n="1604"/><span>d. na n-easbog grinn, ng-</span>
<lb n="1605"/><span>t. dona heasbogaibh grinne</span>
<lb n="1606"/><span>l. na heasbuig ghrinne</span>
<lb n="1607"/><span>n. a easbuig, -a ghrinne</span>
<lb n="1608"/><span>f. ó na heasbogaibh grinne</span></p>
<lb n="1609"/>
<lb n="1610"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1611"/><span>s. an t-éan bán</span>
<lb n="1612"/><span>d. an éin bháin</span>
<lb n="1613"/><span>t. do'n éan bhán</span>
<lb n="1614"/><span>l. an t-éan bán</span>
<lb n="1615"/><span>n. a éin bháin</span>
<lb n="1616"/><span>f. ó'n éan bán</span></p>
<lb n="1617"/>
<lb n="1618"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1619"/><span>s. na héin bhána nó héanta bána</span>
<lb n="1620"/><span>d. na n-éan bán, mb-</span>
<lb n="1621"/><span>t. do na héin bhána</span>
<lb n="1622"/><span>l. na héin bhána</span>
<lb n="1623"/><span>n. a éanta bána</span>
<lb n="1624"/><span>f. ó na héin nó héantaibh</span>
<lb n="1625"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="53"/>
<div><lb n="1626"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1627"/><span>s. an t-iasg beag</span>
<lb n="1628"/><span>d. an éisg bhig</span>
<lb n="1629"/><span>t. do'n iasg bheag</span>
<lb n="1630"/><span>l. an t-iasg beag</span>
<lb n="1631"/><span>n. a éisg bhig</span>
<lb n="1632"/><span>f. ó'n iasg beag</span></p>
<lb n="1633"/>
<lb n="1634"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1635"/><span>s. na héisg, -a, bheaga</span>
<lb n="1636"/><span>d. na n-iasg beag, mb-</span>
<lb n="1637"/><span>t. do na héisg bheaga</span>
<lb n="1638"/><span>l. na héisg bheaga</span>
<lb n="1639"/><span>n. ó iasga beaga</span>
<lb n="1640"/><span>f. ó na héisg nó hiasgaibh beaga</span></p>
<lb n="1641"/>
<lb n="1642"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1643"/><span>s. an t-inneach caol</span>
<lb n="1644"/><span>d. an innigh chaoil</span>
<lb n="1645"/><span>t. do'n inneach chaol</span>
<lb n="1646"/><span>l. an t-inneach caol</span>
<lb n="1647"/><span>n. ó innigh chaoil</span>
<lb n="1648"/><span>f. ó'n inneach caol</span></p>
<lb n="1649"/>
<lb n="1650"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1651"/><span>s. na hinnigh chaola</span>
<lb n="1652"/><span>d. na n-inneach caol, gc-</span>
<lb n="1653"/><span>t. do na hinnibh caola</span>
<lb n="1654"/><span>l. na hinnigh chaola</span>
<lb n="1655"/><span>n. a innigh, inneacha caola</span>
<lb n="1656"/><span>f. ó na hinnibh caola</span></p>
<lb n="1657"/>
<lb n="1658"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1659"/><span>s. an t-inte milis</span>
<lb n="1660"/><span>d. an inte mhilis</span>
<lb n="1661"/><span>t. do'n inte mhilis</span>
<lb n="1662"/><span>l. an t-inte milis</span>
<lb n="1663"/><span>n. a inte mhilis</span>
<lb n="1664"/><span>f. ó'n inte mhilis</span></p>
<lb n="1665"/>
<lb n="1666"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1667"/><span>s, na hintí nó hintidhe milse</span>
<lb n="1668"/><span>d. na n-inteadh milis</span>
<lb n="1669"/><span>t. do na hintibh milse</span>
<lb n="1670"/><span>l. na hintidhe milse</span>
<lb n="1671"/><span>n. a intidhe milse</span>
<lb n="1672"/><span>f. ó na hintibh milse</span></p>
<lb n="1673"/>
<lb n="1674"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1675"/><span>s. an t-ord diur</span>
<lb n="1676"/><span>d. an uird dhiuir</span>
<lb n="1677"/><span>t. do'n ord dhiur</span>
<lb n="1678"/><span>l. an t-ord diur</span>
<lb n="1679"/><span>n. a uird dhiuir</span>
<lb n="1680"/><span>f. ó'n ord diur</span></p>
<lb n="1681"/>
<lb n="1682"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1683"/><span>s. na huird, -a, dhiura</span>
<lb n="1684"/><span>d. na n-ord diur, nd-</span>
<lb n="1685"/><span>t. do na huird, -aibh, diura</span>
<lb n="1686"/><span>l. na huird dhiura</span>
<lb n="1687"/><span>n. a orda diura</span>
<lb n="1688"/><span>f. ó na huird, -aibh diura</span>
<lb n="1689"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="54"/>
<div><lb n="1690"/><p><span>Is de'n dara soidhbhreas na</span>
<lb n="1691"/><span>duair fheardha thosuigheas</span>
<lb n="1692"/><span>le comhfhuaimnibh a séimhigh-</span>
<lb n="1693"/><span>thear nó urdhubhthar</span>
<lb n="1694"/><span>maille le séimhiughadh san</span>
<lb n="1695"/><span>uimhir uath.  Caoluigheann</span>
<lb n="1696"/><span>siad, mar dhuair an chéad</span>
<lb n="1697"/><span>shoidhbhris; muna méad-</span>
<lb n="1698"/><span>uighidh an deilbheach le</span>
<lb n="1699"/><span>biseach a, ghní ch, gh san</span>
<lb n="1700"/><span>deilbheach uath. is ins an</span>
<lb n="1701"/><span>tsluinneach liudh is nuail.</span>
<lb n="1702"/><span>iol.  Ghníd na duair</span>
<lb n="1703"/><span>fheardha so a chríochnuigheas</span>
<lb n="1704"/><span>i n-a ngoth nó -dh, -e, -idh</span>
<lb n="1705"/><span>no -idhe san tsluinneach</span>
<lb n="1706"/><span>liudh. is nuail. iol. agus</span>
<lb n="1707"/><span>glacaid -ibh nó -aibh san</span>
<lb n="1708"/><span>tairgeach is liudh. iol.</span>
<lb n="1709"/><span>mar ó cheana, maille</span>
<lb n="1710"/><span>leis an dara sluinneach,</span>
<lb n="1711"/><span>liudh. is nuail. san uimhir</span>
<lb n="1712"/><span>iolraidh, má's goth leathan</span>
<lb n="1713"/><span>a bhíos roimh an gcomh-</span>
<lb n="1714"/><span>fhuaim dhéidheanaigh.</span>
<lb n="1715"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="55"/>
<div><lb n="1716"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1717"/><span>s. an crann ciar</span>
<lb n="1718"/><span>d. an chrainn chéir</span>
<lb n="1719"/><span>t. do'n gcrann chiar</span>
<lb n="1720"/><span>l. an crann chiar</span>
<lb n="1721"/><span>n. a chrainn chéir</span>
<lb n="1722"/><span>f. ó'n gcrann ciar</span></p>
<lb n="1723"/>
<lb n="1724"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1725"/><span>s. na crainn chiara</span>
<lb n="1726"/><span>d. na gcrann ciar, gc-</span>
<lb n="1727"/><span>t. do na crainn chiara</span>
<lb n="1728"/><span>l. na crainn chiara</span>
<lb n="1729"/><span>n. a chranna ciara</span>
<lb n="1730"/><span>f. ó na crainn chiara</span></p>
<lb n="1731"/>
<lb n="1732"/><p><span>IOLRADH</span>
<lb n="1733"/><span>s. na cranna ciara</span>
<lb n="1734"/><span>d. na gcrann ciar, -gc</span>
<lb n="1735"/><span>th do na crannaibh ciara</span>
<lb n="1736"/><span>l. na cranna ciara</span>
<lb n="1737"/><span>n. a chranna ciara</span>
<lb n="1738"/><span>f. ó na crannaibh ciara</span></p>
<lb n="1739"/>
<lb n="1740"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1741"/><span>s. an ceol binn</span>
<lb n="1742"/><span>d. an cheoil bhinn</span>
<lb n="1743"/><span>t. do'n gceol bhinn</span>
<lb n="1744"/><span>l. an ceol binn</span>
<lb n="1745"/><span>n. a cheoil bhinn</span>
<lb n="1746"/><span>f. ó'n gceol bhinn</span></p>
<lb n="1747"/>
<lb n="1748"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1749"/><span>s. na ceoil bhinne</span>
<lb n="1750"/><span>d. na gceol binn, mb-</span>
<lb n="1751"/><span>t. do na ceoil bhinne</span>
<lb n="1752"/><span>l. na ceoil bhinne</span>
<lb n="1753"/><span>n. a cheolta binne</span>
<lb n="1754"/><span>f. ó na ceoil bhinne</span></p>
<lb n="1755"/>
<lb n="1756"/><p><span>IOLRADH</span>
<lb n="1757"/><span>s. na ceolta binne</span>
<lb n="1758"/><span>d. na gceol binn, mb-</span>
<lb n="1759"/><span>t. do na ceoltaibh binne</span>
<lb n="1760"/><span>l. na ceolta binne</span>
<lb n="1761"/><span>n. a cheolta binne</span>
<lb n="1762"/><span>f. ó na ceoltaibh binne</span></p>
<lb n="1763"/>
<lb n="1764"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1765"/><span>s. an fál mín</span>
<lb n="1766"/><span>d. an fháil mhín</span>
<lb n="1767"/><span>t. do'n bhfál mhín</span>
<lb n="1768"/><span>l. an fál mín</span>
<lb n="1769"/><span>n. a fháil mhín</span>
<lb n="1770"/><span>f. ó'n bhfál mín</span></p>
<lb n="1771"/>
<lb n="1772"/><p><span>IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1773"/><span>s. na fálta míne</span>
<lb n="1774"/><span>d. na bhfál mín</span>
<lb n="1775"/><span>t. do na fáltaibh míne</span>
<lb n="1776"/><span>l. na fáil mhine</span>
<lb n="1777"/><span>n. a fhálta míne</span>
<lb n="1778"/><span>f. ó na fáil mhíne</span></p>
<lb n="1779"/>
<lb n="1780"/><p><span>IOLRADH</span>
<lb n="1781"/><span>s. na fálta míne</span>
<lb n="1782"/><span>d. na bhfál mín</span>
<lb n="1783"/><span>t. do na fáltaibh míne</span>
<lb n="1784"/><span>l. na fálta míne</span>
<lb n="1785"/><span>n. a fhálta míne</span>
<lb n="1786"/><span>f. ó na fáltaibh míne</span></p>
<lb n="1787"/>
<lb n="1788"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1789"/><span>s. an giall géar</span>
<lb n="1790"/><span>d. an ghéill ghéir</span>
<lb n="1791"/><span>t. do'n ngiall ghéar</span>
<lb n="1792"/><span>l. an giall géar</span>
<lb n="1793"/><span>n. a ghéill ghéir</span>
<lb n="1794"/><span>f. ó'n ngiall géar</span></p>
<lb n="1795"/>
<lb n="1796"/><p>
<lb n="1797"/><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1798"/><span>s. na géill ghéara</span>
<lb n="1799"/><span>d. na ngiall géar, ng-</span>
<lb n="1800"/><span>t. do na giallaibh géara</span>
<lb n="1801"/><span>l. na géill ghéara</span>
<lb n="1802"/><span>n. a ghialla géara</span>
<lb n="1803"/><span>f. ó na géill ghéara</span></p>
<lb n="1804"/>
<lb n="1805"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1806"/><span>s. an giolla gasta</span>
<lb n="1807"/><span>d. an ghiolla ghasta</span>
<lb n="1808"/><span>t. do'n ngiolla ghasta</span>
<lb n="1809"/><span>l. an giolla gasta</span>
<lb n="1810"/><span>n. a ghiolla ghasta</span>
<lb n="1811"/><span>f. ó'n ngiolla gasta</span></p>
<lb n="1812"/>
<lb n="1813"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1814"/><span>s. na giollaidhe gasta</span>
<lb n="1815"/><span>d. na ngiolladh gasta, ng-</span>
<lb n="1816"/><span>t. do na giollaíbh gasta</span>
<lb n="1817"/><span>l. na giollaidhe gasta</span>
<lb n="1818"/><span>n. a ghiollaidhe gasta</span>
<lb n="1819"/><span>f. ó na giollaíbh gasta</span>
<lb n="1820"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="56"/>
<div><lb n="1821"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1822"/><span>s. an meanadh mór</span>
<lb n="1823"/><span>d. an mheanaidh mhóir</span>
<lb n="1824"/><span>t. do'n meanadh mhór</span>
<lb n="1825"/><span>l. an meanadh mór</span>
<lb n="1826"/><span>n. a mheanaidh mhóir</span>
<lb n="1827"/><span>f. ó'n meanadh mór</span></p>
<lb n="1828"/>
<lb n="1829"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1830"/><span>s. na meanaidhe móra</span>
<lb n="1831"/><span>d. na meanadh mór</span>
<lb n="1832"/><span>t. do na meanaidhibh móra</span>
<lb n="1833"/><span>l. na meanaidhe móra</span>
<lb n="1834"/><span>n. a mheanaidhe móra</span>
<lb n="1835"/><span>f. ó na meanaidhibh móra</span></p>
<lb n="1836"/>
<lb n="1837"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1838"/><span>s. an seabhac luath</span>
<lb n="1839"/><span>d. an tseabhaic luaith</span>
<lb n="1840"/><span>t. do'n tseabhac luath</span>
<lb n="1841"/><span>l. an seabhac luath</span>
<lb n="1842"/><span>n. a sheabhaic luaith</span>
<lb n="1843"/><span>f. ó'n tseabhac luath</span></p>
<lb n="1844"/>
<lb n="1845"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1846"/><span>s. na seabhaic luatha</span>
<lb n="1847"/><span>d. na seabhac luath</span>
<lb n="1848"/><span>t. do na seabhcaibh luatha</span>
<lb n="1849"/><span>l. na seabhaic luatha</span>
<lb n="1850"/><span>n. a sheabhca luatha</span>
<lb n="1851"/><span>f. ó na seabhcaibh luatha</span></p>
<lb n="1852"/>
<lb n="1853"/><p><span>Is de'n treas soidhbhreas</span>
<lb n="1854"/><span>na duair fheardha thosuigheas</span>
<lb n="1855"/><span>le comhfhuaimnibh, a dhiúl-</span>
<lb n="1856"/><span>tigheas séimhiughadh is ur-</span>
<lb n="1857"/><span>dhubhadh san uimhir uath., acht</span>
<lb n="1858"/><span>urdhubhas an deilbheach iol-</span>
<lb n="1859"/><span>raidh amháin.  Bíonn go</span>
<lb n="1860"/><span>coitcheann mar dhuaraibh an</span>
<lb n="1861"/><span>dara soidhbhris ins na hor-</span>
<lb n="1862"/><span>aruis eile.</span></p>
<lb n="1863"/>
<lb n="1864"/><p><span>SOMPLA.</span></p>
<lb n="1865"/>
<lb n="1866"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1867"/><span>s. an damh reamhar</span>
<lb n="1868"/><span>d. an daimh reamhair</span>
<lb n="1869"/><span>t. do'n damh reamhar</span>
<lb n="1870"/><span>l. an damh reamhar</span>
<lb n="1871"/><span>n. a dhaimh reamhair</span>
<lb n="1872"/><span>f. ó'n damh reamhar</span></p>
<lb n="1873"/>
<lb n="1874"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1875"/><span>s. na daimh reamhra</span>
<lb n="1876"/><span>d. na ndamh reamhar</span>
<lb n="1877"/><span>t. do na daimh reamhra</span>
<lb n="1878"/><span>l. na daimh reamhra</span>
<lb n="1879"/><span>n. a dhamha reamhra</span>
<lb n="1880"/><span>f. ó na daimh, -aibh reamhra.</span></p>
<lb n="1881"/>
<lb n="1882"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1883"/><span>s. an lot doimhin</span>
<lb n="1884"/><span>d. an luit, -a dhoimhin</span>
<lb n="1885"/><span>t. do'n lot doimhin</span>
<lb n="1886"/><span>l. an lot doimhin</span>
<lb n="1887"/><span>n. a luit dhoimhin</span>
<lb n="1888"/><span>f. ó'n lot doimhin</span></p>
<lb n="1889"/>
<lb n="1890"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1891"/><span>s. na luit, -a, dhoimhne</span>
<lb n="1892"/><span>d. na lot doimhin. nd-</span>
<lb n="1893"/><span>t. do na luit, -aibh doimhne.</span>
<lb n="1894"/><span>l. na luit, -a, dhoimhne</span>
<lb n="1895"/><span>n. a lota doimhne</span>
<lb n="1896"/><span>f. ó na luit, -aibh doimhne</span>
<lb n="1897"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="57"/>
<div><lb n="1898"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1899"/><span>s. an nasg trom</span>
<lb n="1900"/><span>d. an naisg thruim</span>
<lb n="1901"/><span>t. do'n nasg throm</span>
<lb n="1902"/><span>l. an nasg trom</span>
<lb n="1903"/><span>n. a naisg thruim</span>
<lb n="1904"/><span>f. ó'n nasg throm</span></p>
<lb n="1905"/>
<lb n="1906"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1907"/><span>s. na naisg throma</span>
<lb n="1908"/><span>d. na nasg trom, dt-</span>
<lb n="1909"/><span>t. do na naisg throma</span>
<lb n="1910"/><span>l. na naisg throma</span>
<lb n="1911"/><span>n. a nasga troma</span>
<lb n="1912"/><span>f. ó na naisg, -aibh troma</span></p>
<lb n="1913"/>
<lb n="1914"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1915"/><span>s. an rann lán</span>
<lb n="1916"/><span>d. an rainn láin</span>
<lb n="1917"/><span>t. do'n rann lán</span>
<lb n="1918"/><span>l. an rann lán</span>
<lb n="1919"/><span>n. a rainn láin</span>
<lb n="1920"/><span>f. ó'n rann lán</span></p>
<lb n="1921"/>
<lb n="1922"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1923"/><span>s. na ranna lána</span>
<lb n="1924"/><span>d. na rann lán</span>
<lb n="1925"/><span>t. do na rannaibh lána</span>
<lb n="1926"/><span>l. na ranna lána</span>
<lb n="1927"/><span>n. a ranna lána</span>
<lb n="1928"/><span>f. ó na rannaibh lána</span></p>
<lb n="1929"/>
<lb n="1930"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1931"/><span>s. an spád úr</span>
<lb n="1932"/><span>d. an spáid úir</span>
<lb n="1933"/><span>t. do'n spád úr</span>
<lb n="1934"/><span>l. an spád úr</span>
<lb n="1935"/><span>n. a spáid úir</span>
<lb n="1936"/><span>f. o'n spád úr</span></p>
<lb n="1937"/>
<lb n="1938"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1939"/><span>s. na spáid, -a úra</span>
<lb n="1940"/><span>d. na spád úr, n-úr</span>
<lb n="1941"/><span>t. do na spáid, -aibh úra</span>
<lb n="1942"/><span>l. na spáid, -a úra</span>
<lb n="1943"/><span>n. a spáid, -a úra</span>
<lb n="1944"/><span>f. ó na spáid, -aibh úra</span></p>
<lb n="1945"/>
<lb n="1946"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1947"/><span>s. an t-eas riabhach</span>
<lb n="1948"/><span>d. an easa riabhaigh</span>
<lb n="1949"/><span>t. do'n eas riabhach</span>
<lb n="1950"/><span>l. an t-eas riabhach</span>
<lb n="1951"/><span>n. a eas riabhaigh</span>
<lb n="1952"/><span>f. ó'n eas riabhach</span></p>
<lb n="1953"/>
<lb n="1954"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1955"/><span>s. na heasa riabhacha</span>
<lb n="1956"/><span>d. na n-eas riabhach</span>
<lb n="1957"/><span>t do na heasaibh riabhacha</span>
<lb n="1958"/><span>l. na heasa riabhacha</span>
<lb n="1959"/><span>n. a easa riabhacha</span>
<lb n="1960"/><span>f. ó na heasaibh riabhacha</span></p>
<lb n="1961"/>
<lb n="1962"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1963"/><span>s. an cath mór</span>
<lb n="1964"/><span>d. an chatha mhóir</span>
<lb n="1965"/><span>t. do'n gcath mhór</span>
<lb n="1966"/><span>l. an cath mór</span>
<lb n="1967"/><span>n. a chath mhóir</span>
<lb n="1968"/><span>f. ó'n gcath mór</span></p>
<lb n="1969"/>
<lb n="1970"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1971"/><span>s. na catha móra</span>
<lb n="1972"/><span>d. na gcath mór</span>
<lb n="1973"/><span>t. do na cathaibh móra</span>
<lb n="1974"/><span>l. na catha móra</span>
<lb n="1975"/><span>n. a chatha móra</span>
<lb n="1976"/><span>f. ó na cathaibh móra</span></p>
<lb n="1977"/>
<lb n="1978"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1979"/><span>s. an druim bán</span>
<lb n="1980"/><span>d. an droma báin, bháin</span>
<lb n="1981"/><span>t. do'n druim bhán</span>
<lb n="1982"/><span>l. an druim bán</span>
<lb n="1983"/><span>n. a dhruim bháin</span>
<lb n="1984"/><span>f. ó'n druim bán</span></p>
<lb n="1985"/>
<lb n="1986"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="1987"/><span>s. na droma, -nna bána</span>
<lb n="1988"/><span>d. na ndruim bán, mb-</span>
<lb n="1989"/><span>t. do na dromaibh bána</span>
<lb n="1990"/><span>l. na droma bána</span>
<lb n="1991"/><span>n. a dhroma bána</span>
<lb n="1992"/><span>f. ó na dromaibh bána</span>
<lb n="1993"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="58"/>
<div><lb n="1994"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="1995"/><span>s. an gruth reamhar</span>
<lb n="1996"/><span>d. an ghrotha reamhair</span>
<lb n="1997"/><span>t. do'n ngruth reamhar</span>
<lb n="1998"/><span>l. an gruth reamhar</span>
<lb n="1999"/><span>n. a ghruth reamhair</span>
<lb n="2000"/><span>f. ó'n ngruth reamhar</span></p>
<lb n="2001"/>
<lb n="2002"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2003"/><span>s. na grotha reamhra</span>
<lb n="2004"/><span>d. na ngruth reamhar</span>
<lb n="2005"/><span>t. do na grothaibh reamhra</span>
<lb n="2006"/><span>l. na grotha reamhra</span>
<lb n="2007"/><span>n. a ghrotha reamhra</span>
<lb n="2008"/><span>f. ó na grothaibh reamhra</span></p>
<lb n="2009"/>
<lb n="2010"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2011"/><span>s. an gleann fliuch</span>
<lb n="2012"/><span>d. an ghleanna fhliuich,</span>
<lb n="2013"/><span>fhlich</span>
<lb n="2014"/><span>t. do'n ngleann fhliuch</span>
<lb n="2015"/><span>l. an gleann fliuch</span>
<lb n="2016"/><span>n. a ghleann fhliuich, fhlich</span>
<lb n="2017"/><span>f. ó'n ngleann fliuch</span></p>
<lb n="2018"/>
<lb n="2019"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2020"/><span>s. na gleanna, -ta fliucha</span>
<lb n="2021"/><span>d. na ngleann fliuch, bhf-</span>
<lb n="2022"/><span>t. do na gleannaibh fliucha</span>
<lb n="2023"/><span>l. na gleannta fliucha</span>
<lb n="2024"/><span>n. a ghleanna, -ta fliucha</span>
<lb n="2025"/><span>f. ó na gleanntaibh fliucha</span></p>
<lb n="2026"/>
<lb n="2027"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2028"/><span>s. an loch lán</span>
<lb n="2029"/><span>d. an locha láin</span>
<lb n="2030"/><span>t. do'n loch lán</span>
<lb n="2031"/><span>l. an loch lán</span>
<lb n="2032"/><span>n. a loch láin</span>
<lb n="2033"/><span>f. ó'n loch lán</span></p>
<lb n="2034"/>
<lb n="2035"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2036"/><span>s. na locha lána</span>
<lb n="2037"/><span>d. na loch lán</span>
<lb n="2038"/><span>t. do na lochaibh lána</span>
<lb n="2039"/><span>l. na locha lána</span>
<lb n="2040"/><span>n. a locha lána</span>
<lb n="2041"/><span>f. ó na lochaibh lána</span></p>
<lb n="2042"/>
<lb n="2043"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2044"/><span>s. an sruth fuar</span>
<lb n="2045"/><span>d. an tsrotha fuair,</span>
<lb n="2046"/><span>fhuair</span>
<lb n="2047"/><span>t. do'n tsruth fhuar</span>
<lb n="2048"/><span>l. an sruth fuar</span>
<lb n="2049"/><span>n. a shruth fhuair</span>
<lb n="2050"/><span>f. ó'n tsruth fuar</span></p>
<lb n="2051"/>
<lb n="2052"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2053"/><span>s. na srotha fuara</span>
<lb n="2054"/><span>d. na sruth fuar, bhf-</span>
<lb n="2055"/><span>t. do na srothaibh fuara</span>
<lb n="2056"/><span>l. na srotha fuara</span>
<lb n="2057"/><span>n. a shrotha fuara</span>
<lb n="2058"/><span>f. ó na srothaibh fuara</span></p>
<lb n="2059"/>
<lb n="2060"/><p><span>Is de'n chéad shoidhbhreas gach</span>
<lb n="2061"/><span>duar banda thosuigheas le</span>
<lb n="2062"/><span>guth, ghlacas n- i dtús an</span>
<lb n="2063"/><span>tsluinnigh, tairg., liudh.,</span>
<lb n="2064"/><span>fhorc. is e no a mar</span>
<lb n="2065"/><span>bhiseach leis an deilbh.,</span>
<lb n="2066"/><span>chaoluigheas agus bhíos go coit-</span>
<lb n="2067"/><span>cheann mar na duair</span>
<lb n="2068"/><span>fheardha san uimhir iolraidh.</span>
<lb n="2069"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="59"/>
<div><lb n="2070"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2071"/><span>s. an ascall the</span>
<lb n="2072"/><span>d. na hascaille te</span>
<lb n="2073"/><span>t. do'n ascaill the</span>
<lb n="2074"/><span>l. an ascall the</span>
<lb n="2075"/><span>n. a ascall the</span>
<lb n="2076"/><span>f. ó'n ascaill the</span></p>
<lb n="2077"/>
<lb n="2078"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2079"/><span>s. na hascaillidhe, -a teotha</span>
<lb n="2080"/><span>d. na n-ascall te, dt-</span>
<lb n="2081"/><span>t. do na hascaillaibh teotha</span>
<lb n="2082"/><span>l. na hascaillidhe teotha</span>
<lb n="2083"/><span>n. a ascaillidhe teotha</span>
<lb n="2084"/><span>f. ó na hascaillibh teotha</span></p>
<lb n="2085"/>
<lb n="2086"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2087"/><span>s. an imlinn fhann</span>
<lb n="2088"/><span>d. na himlinne fainne</span>
<lb n="2089"/><span>t. do'n imlinn fhainn</span>
<lb n="2090"/><span>l. an imlinn fhann</span>
<lb n="2091"/><span>n. a imlinn fhann</span>
<lb n="2092"/><span>f. ó'n imlinn fhainn</span></p>
<lb n="2093"/>
<lb n="2094"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2095"/><span>s. na himlinne fanna</span>
<lb n="2096"/><span>d. na n-imlinn fann, bhf-</span>
<lb n="2097"/><span>t. do na himlinnibh fanna</span>
<lb n="2098"/><span>l. na himlinne fanna</span>
<lb n="2099"/><span>n. a imlinne fanna</span>
<lb n="2100"/><span>f. ó na himlinnibh fanna</span></p>
<lb n="2101"/>
<lb n="2102"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2103"/><span>s. an inis ghlan</span>
<lb n="2104"/><span>d. na hinse glaine</span>
<lb n="2105"/><span>t. do'n inis ghlain</span>
<lb n="2106"/><span>l. an inis ghlan</span>
<lb n="2107"/><span>n. a inis ghlan</span>
<lb n="2108"/><span>f. ó'n inis ghlain</span></p>
<lb n="2109"/>
<lb n="2110"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2111"/><span>s. na hinsidhe glana</span>
<lb n="2112"/><span>d. na n-inis glan, ng-</span>
<lb n="2113"/><span>t. do na hinsibh glana</span>
<lb n="2114"/><span>l. na hinsidhe glana</span>
<lb n="2115"/><span>n. a insidhe glana</span>
<lb n="2116"/><span>f. ó na hinsibh glana</span></p>
<lb n="2117"/>
<lb n="2118"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2119"/><span>s. an uair dhéidheanach</span>
<lb n="2120"/><span>d. na huaire déidheanaigh</span>
<lb n="2121"/><span>t. do'n uair dhéidheanaigh</span>
<lb n="2122"/><span>l. an uair dhéidheanach</span>
<lb n="2123"/><span>n. a uair dhéidheanach</span>
<lb n="2124"/><span>f. ó'n uair dhéidheanach</span></p>
<lb n="2125"/>
<lb n="2126"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2127"/><span>s. na huaire déidheanacha</span>
<lb n="2128"/><span>d. na n-uair déidheanach, nd-</span>
<lb n="2129"/><span>t. do na huairibh déidheanacha</span>
<lb n="2130"/><span>l. na huaire déidheanacha</span>
<lb n="2131"/><span>n. a uaire déidheanacha</span>
<lb n="2132"/><span>f. ó na huairibh déidheanacha</span></p>
<lb n="2133"/>
<lb n="2134"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2135"/><span>s. an óigh óg</span>
<lb n="2136"/><span>g. na hóighe óige</span>
<lb n="2137"/><span>t. do'n óigh óig</span>
<lb n="2138"/><span>l. an óigh óg</span>
<lb n="2139"/><span>n. a óigh óg</span>
<lb n="2140"/><span>f. ó'n óigh óig</span></p>
<lb n="2141"/>
<lb n="2142"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2143"/><span>s. na hóighe óga</span>
<lb n="2144"/><span>d. na n-óigh óg, n-óg</span>
<lb n="2145"/><span>t. do na hóighibh óga</span>
<lb n="2146"/><span>l. na hóighe óga</span>
<lb n="2147"/><span>n. a óighe óga</span>
<lb n="2148"/><span>f. ó na hóighibh óga</span></p>
<lb n="2149"/>
<lb n="2150"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2151"/><span>s. an easgon gheal</span>
<lb n="2152"/><span>d. na heasgoine gile</span>
<lb n="2153"/><span>t. do'n easgoin ghil</span></p>
<lb n="2154"/>
<lb n="2155"/><p><span>IOLRADH</span>
<lb n="2156"/><span>s. na heasgonaidhe geala</span>
<lb n="2157"/><span>d. na n-easgon geal, ng-</span>
<lb n="2158"/><span>t. do na heasgonaibh geala</span></p>
<lb n="2159"/>
<lb n="2160"/><p><span>Is de'n dara soidhbhreas gach</span>
<lb n="2161"/><span>duar banda thosuigheas le</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="60"/>
<div><lb n="2162"/><p><span>comhfhuaim, séimhighthear no</span>
<lb n="2163"/><span>urdhubhthar ins an tsluinn-</span>
<lb n="2164"/><span>each mar na duair fheardha,</span>
<lb n="2165"/><span>caoluighthear is ghlacann</span>
<lb n="2166"/><span>-e, san deilbh uath. mar</span>
<lb n="2167"/><span>bhiseach, ghní -a san ts.,</span>
<lb n="2168"/><span>liu. iolr.; cuid eile -e.</span></p>
<lb n="2169"/>
<lb n="2170"/><p><span>SOMPLA.</span></p>
<lb n="2171"/>
<lb n="2172"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2173"/><span>s. an chos chaol</span>
<lb n="2174"/><span>d. na coise caoile</span>
<lb n="2175"/><span>t. do'n gcois chaoil</span>
<lb n="2176"/><span>l. an chos chaol</span>
<lb n="2177"/><span>n. a chos chaol</span>
<lb n="2178"/><span>f. ó'n gcois chaoil</span></p>
<lb n="2179"/>
<lb n="2180"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2181"/><span>s. na cosa caola</span>
<lb n="2182"/><span>d. na gcos caol, gc-</span>
<lb n="2183"/><span>t. do na cosaibh caola</span>
<lb n="2184"/><span>l. na cosa caola</span>
<lb n="2185"/><span>n. a chosa caola</span>
<lb n="2186"/><span>f. ó na cosaibh caola</span></p>
<lb n="2187"/>
<lb n="2188"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2189"/><span>s. an chearc chiar</span>
<lb n="2190"/><span>d. na circe céire</span>
<lb n="2191"/><span>t. do'n gcirc chéir</span>
<lb n="2192"/><span>l. an chearc chiar</span>
<lb n="2193"/><span>n. a chearc chiar</span>
<lb n="2194"/><span>f. ó'n gcirc chéir</span></p>
<lb n="2195"/>
<lb n="2196"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2197"/><span>s. na cearca ciara</span>
<lb n="2198"/><span>d. na gcearc ciar, gc-</span>
<lb n="2199"/><span>t. do na cearcaibh ciara</span>
<lb n="2200"/><span>l. na cearca ciara</span>
<lb n="2201"/><span>n. a chearca ciara</span>
<lb n="2202"/><span>f. ó na cearcaibh ciara</span></p>
<lb n="2203"/>
<lb n="2204"/><p><span>UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2205"/><span>s. an bhoth bheag</span>
<lb n="2206"/><span>d. na boithe bige</span>
<lb n="2207"/><span>t. do'n mboith bhig</span></p>
<lb n="2208"/>
<lb n="2209"/><p><span>IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2210"/><span>s. na botha beaga</span>
<lb n="2211"/><span>d. na mboth beag, mb-</span>
<lb n="2212"/><span>t. do na bothaibh beaga</span></p>
<lb n="2213"/>
<lb n="2214"/><p><span>UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2215"/><span>s. an fhailc chumhaing</span>
<lb n="2216"/><span>d. nó failce cumhainge</span>
<lb n="2217"/><span>t. do'n bhfailc chumhaing</span></p>
<lb n="2218"/>
<lb n="2219"/><p><span>IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2220"/><span>s. na failcidhe cumhainge</span>
<lb n="2221"/><span>d. na bhfailc cumhaing, gc-</span>
<lb n="2222"/><span>t. do na failcibh cumhainge</span></p>
<lb n="2223"/>
<lb n="2224"/><p><span>UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2225"/><span>s. an ghéag ghearr</span>
<lb n="2226"/><span>d. na géige girre</span>
<lb n="2227"/><span>t. do'n ngéig ghirr</span></p>
<lb n="2228"/>
<lb n="2229"/><p><span>IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2230"/><span>s. na géaga gearra</span>
<lb n="2231"/><span>d. na ngéag gearr, ng-</span>
<lb n="2232"/><span>t. do na géagaibh gearra</span></p>
<lb n="2233"/>
<lb n="2234"/><p><span>UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2235"/><span>s. an mhias mhór</span>
<lb n="2236"/><span>d. na méise móire</span>
<lb n="2237"/><span>t. do'n méis mhóir</span></p>
<lb n="2238"/>
<lb n="2239"/><p><span>IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2240"/><span>s. na miasa móra</span>
<lb n="2241"/><span>d. na mi as mór</span>
<lb n="2242"/><span>t. do n a miasaibh móra</span></p>
<lb n="2243"/>
<lb n="2244"/><p><span>UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2245"/><span>s. an tiach thiugh</span>
<lb n="2246"/><span>d. na tíche tiuighe</span>
<lb n="2247"/><span>t. do'n dtích thiuigh</span></p>
<lb n="2248"/>
<lb n="2249"/><p><span>IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2250"/><span>s. na tiacha tiugha</span>
<lb n="2251"/><span>d. na dtiach tiugh, dt-</span>
<lb n="2252"/><span>t. do na tiachaibh tiugha</span>
<lb n="2253"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="61"/>
<div><lb n="2254"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2255"/><span>s. an tslat mhín</span>
<lb n="2256"/><span>d. na slaite míne</span>
<lb n="2257"/><span>t. do'n tslait mhín</span>
<lb n="2258"/><span>l. an tslat mhín</span>
<lb n="2259"/><span>n. a shlat mhín</span>
<lb n="2260"/><span>f. ó'n tslait mhín</span></p>
<lb n="2261"/>
<lb n="2262"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2263"/><span>s. na slata míne</span>
<lb n="2264"/><span>d. na slat mín</span>
<lb n="2265"/><span>t. do na slataibh míne</span>
<lb n="2266"/><span>l. na slata míne</span>
<lb n="2267"/><span>n. a shlata míne</span>
<lb n="2268"/><span>f. ó na slataibh míne</span></p>
<lb n="2269"/>
<lb n="2270"/><p><span>Is de'n treas soidhbhreas</span>
<lb n="2271"/><span>gach duar banda thosuigh-</span>
<lb n="2272"/><span>eas le d, l, n, r, is s,</span>
<lb n="2273"/><span>nach séimhighthear is nach</span>
<lb n="2274"/><span>n-urdhubhthar, acht d- 'san</span>
<lb n="2275"/><span>deilbheach iolraidh amháin.</span>
<lb n="2276"/><span>Ghníd a n-oraruis san</span>
<lb n="2277"/><span>uimhir iolraidh mar na</span>
<lb n="2278"/><span>duair bhanda.</span></p>
<lb n="2279"/>
<lb n="2280"/><p><span>SOMPLA.</span></p>
<lb n="2281"/>
<lb n="2282"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2283"/><span>s. an deilf dhubh</span>
<lb n="2284"/><span>d. na deilfe duibhe</span>
<lb n="2285"/><span>t. do'n deilf dhuibh</span>
<lb n="2286"/><span>l. an deilf dhubh</span>
<lb n="2287"/><span>n. a dheilf dhubh</span>
<lb n="2288"/><span>f. ó'n deilf dhuibh</span></p>
<lb n="2289"/>
<lb n="2290"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2291"/><span>s. na deilfí dubha</span>
<lb n="2292"/><span>d. na ndeilf dubh, nd-</span>
<lb n="2293"/><span>t. do na deilfíbh dubha</span>
<lb n="2294"/><span>l. na deilfí dubha</span>
<lb n="2295"/><span>n, a dheilfí dubha</span>
<lb n="2296"/><span>f. ó na dheilfíbh dubha</span></p>
<lb n="2297"/>
<lb n="2298"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2299"/><span>s. an dris cham</span>
<lb n="2300"/><span>d. na drise caime</span>
<lb n="2301"/><span>t. do'n dris chaim</span>
<lb n="2302"/><span>l. an dris cham</span>
<lb n="2303"/><span>n. a dhris cham</span>
<lb n="2304"/><span>f. ó'n dris chaim</span></p>
<lb n="2305"/>
<lb n="2306"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2307"/><span>s. na driseacha cama</span>
<lb n="2308"/><span>d. na ndris cam, gc-</span>
<lb n="2309"/><span>t. do na driseachaibh cama</span>
<lb n="2310"/><span>l. na driseacha cama</span>
<lb n="2311"/><span>n. a dhriseacha cama</span>
<lb n="2312"/><span>f. ó na driseachaibh cama</span></p>
<lb n="2313"/>
<lb n="2314"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2315"/><span>s. an lámh láidir</span>
<lb n="2316"/><span>d. na láimhe láidre</span>
<lb n="2317"/><span>t. do'n láimh láidir</span>
<lb n="2318"/><span>l. an lámh láidir</span>
<lb n="2319"/><span>n. a lámh láidir</span>
<lb n="2320"/><span>f. ó'n láimh láidir</span></p>
<lb n="2321"/>
<lb n="2322"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2323"/><span>s. na lámha láidre</span>
<lb n="2324"/><span>d. na lámh láidir</span>
<lb n="2325"/><span>t. do na lámhaibh láidre</span>
<lb n="2326"/><span>l. na lámha láidre</span>
<lb n="2327"/><span>n. a lámha láidre</span>
<lb n="2328"/><span>f. ó na lámhaibh láidre</span>
<lb n="2329"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="62"/>
<div><lb n="2330"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2331"/><span>s. an neasg thinn</span>
<lb n="2332"/><span>d. na neisge tinne</span>
<lb n="2333"/><span>t. do'n neisg thinn</span>
<lb n="2334"/><span>l. an neasg thinn</span>
<lb n="2335"/><span>n. a neasg thinn</span>
<lb n="2336"/><span>f. ó'n neisg thinn</span></p>
<lb n="2337"/>
<lb n="2338"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2339"/><span>s. na neasga tinne</span>
<lb n="2340"/><span>d. na neasg tinn, dt-</span>
<lb n="2341"/><span>t. do na neasgaibh tinne</span>
<lb n="2342"/><span>l. na neasga tinne</span>
<lb n="2343"/><span>n. a neasga tinne</span>
<lb n="2344"/><span>f. ó na neasgaibh tinne</span></p>
<lb n="2345"/>
<lb n="2346"/><p><span>UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2347"/><span>s. an rinn ruadh</span>
<lb n="2348"/><span>d. na rinne ruaidhe</span>
<lb n="2349"/><span>t. do'n rinn ruaidh</span></p>
<lb n="2350"/>
<lb n="2351"/><p><span>IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2352"/><span>s. na rinne ruaidhe</span>
<lb n="2353"/><span>d. na rinn ruadh</span>
<lb n="2354"/><span>t. do na rinnibh ruaidhe</span></p>
<lb n="2355"/>
<lb n="2356"/><p><span>UIMHIR UATHAIDH</span>
<lb n="2357"/><span>s. an spéir ard</span>
<lb n="2358"/><span>d. na spéire airde</span>
<lb n="2359"/><span>t. do'n spéir aird</span>
<lb n="2360"/><span>l. an spéir ard</span>
<lb n="2361"/><span>n. a spéir ard</span>
<lb n="2362"/><span>f. ó'n spéir aird</span></p>
<lb n="2363"/>
<lb n="2364"/><p><span>UIMHIR IOLRAIDH</span>
<lb n="2365"/><span>s. na spéartha arda</span>
<lb n="2366"/><span>d. na spéar ard, n-a.</span>
<lb n="2367"/><span>t. do na spéarthaibh arda</span>
<lb n="2368"/><span>l. na speartha arda</span>
<lb n="2369"/><span>n. a spéartha arda</span>
<lb n="2370"/><span>f. ó na spéarthaibh arda</span></p>
<lb n="2371"/>
<lb n="2372"/><p><span>CLÁR</span></p>
<lb n="2373"/>
<lb n="2374"/><p><span>Chum Díochlaonadh na</span>
<lb n="2375"/><span>ndeacht-nduar bhfeardha is</span>
<lb n="2376"/><span>banda a dhéanamh réidh do'n</span>
<lb n="2377"/><span>léightheóir ins an Deilbheach</span>
<lb n="2378"/><span>uath. agus ins an tSluinn-</span>
<lb n="2379"/><span>each agus Deilbheach iol-</span>
<lb n="2380"/><span>raidh annso síos.</span>
<lb n="2381"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="66"/>
<div><lb n="2382"/><p><span>Is easbadh, iolardhas, nó</span>
<lb n="2383"/><span>iomad, a ghnídheas mí-</span>
<lb n="2384"/><span>bheachtach, le a gclaontar</span>
<lb n="2385"/><span>an duar go hathrughadh</span>
<lb n="2386"/><span>soidhbhris, d'á bhfuil cuid</span>
<lb n="2387"/><span>aca so curtha san eagar</span>
<lb n="2388"/><span>so, chum sócamhail do'n</span>
<lb n="2389"/><span>léightheóir.</span>
<lb n="2390"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="70"/>
<div><lb n="2391"/><p><span>Na Duairghiollaidhe, annso síos.</span></p>
<lb n="2392"/>
<lb n="2393"/><p><span>Is focal an duairghiolla,</span>
<lb n="2394"/><span>fheidhmeas i n-ionad duair,</span>
<lb n="2395"/><span>le n-a shíor-aithris a chosg;</span>
<lb n="2396"/><span>.i. atá an fear súgach;</span>
<lb n="2397"/><span>sgríobhaidh sé, múinidh sé.</span></p>
<lb n="2398"/>
<lb n="2399"/><p><span>Táid sé ghné nduairghiolladh;</span>
<lb n="2400"/><span>.i. comhursach, carchleitheach,</span>
<lb n="2401"/><span>sealbhach, treóraidheach,</span>
<lb n="2402"/><span>caidridheach, is aimhchríoch-</span>
<lb n="2403"/><span>ach.</span></p>
<lb n="2404"/>
<lb n="2405"/><p><span>Táid sé duairghiollaidhe</span>
<lb n="2406"/><span>comhurs.; .i. méné, túné,</span>
<lb n="2407"/><span>éné, uath.; sinné, ibhné, agus</span>
<lb n="2408"/><span>iadné, iolr.</span></p>
<lb n="2409"/>
<lb n="2410"/><p><span>Aithriseann an carchleitheach</span>
<lb n="2411"/><span>(a nó noch) an fearb nó</span>
<lb n="2412"/><span>an rann a chuaidh roimhe;</span>
<lb n="2413"/><span>.i. tá an fear slán a</span>
<lb n="2414"/><span>mhaireas i bhfad.</span></p>
<lb n="2415"/>
<lb n="2416"/><p><span>Dearbhuigheann an sealbhach</span>
<lb n="2417"/><span>an tseilbh nó an dualgas;</span>
<lb n="2418"/><span>.i. mo lámh, do chos, a cheann,</span>
<lb n="2419"/><span>a ceann, ar n-athair, bhar</span>
<lb n="2420"/><span>máthair, a leabhar 's a</span>
<lb n="2421"/><span>ndubh.</span></p>
<lb n="2422"/>
<lb n="2423"/><p><span>Grinnbhreathnuigheann na</span>
<lb n="2424"/><span>treoraidhigh an nídh d'á</span>
<lb n="2425"/><span>mbaineann; .i. sa, se, so</span>
<lb n="2426"/><span>is sin; úd is súd; .i. is é</span>
<lb n="2427"/><span>sin an fear, is í so an</span>
<lb n="2428"/><span>bhean.</span></p>
<lb n="2429"/>
<lb n="2430"/><p><span>Is caidridhigh cé, cí, cia,</span>
<lb n="2431"/><span>créad, cad is cá, a cuir-</span>
<lb n="2432"/><span>thear ag fiafrughadh ceis-</span>
<lb n="2433"/><span>teanna; .i. cia hé? créad</span>
<lb n="2434"/><span>a ghnídhis? cé bhfuilir?</span></p>
<lb n="2435"/>
<lb n="2436"/><p><span>Ghníthear comaisgeacha de</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="71"/>
<div><lb n="2437"/><p><span>dhuairghiollaíbh trá cuir-</span>
<lb n="2438"/><span>thear iad le siudhuaraibh;</span>
<lb n="2439"/><span>leat, agam.</span></p>
<lb n="2440"/>
<lb n="2441"/><p><span>Is aimhchríochaigh gach is cách,</span>
<lb n="2442"/><span>éigin is eile, neach is cuid</span>
<lb n="2443"/><span>uile, an té, an tí; cé,</span>
<lb n="2444"/><span>cidh is gidh; is iad so a</span>
<lb n="2445"/><span>chuireas a mbrígh i modh an-</span>
<lb n="2446"/><span>chuimreach nó coitcheann.</span></p>
<lb n="2447"/>
<lb n="2448"/><p><span>Is siad na seilbhigh mo,</span>
<lb n="2449"/><span>do, is a, deilbhigh na bpríomh-</span>
<lb n="2450"/><span>chomhursach thig ó mé, tú, sé,</span>
<lb n="2451"/><span>is sí.  So, sin, súd, is úd,</span>
<lb n="2452"/><span>na ceithre treoraidhigh nach</span>
<lb n="2453"/><span>féidir a ndíochlaonadh san</span>
<lb n="2454"/><span>uimhir uathaidh ná iolraidh.</span>
<lb n="2455"/><span>Tá na carchleathacha amhlaidh;</span>
<lb n="2456"/><span>.i. a, noch, nocha: meastar</span>
<lb n="2457"/><span>gur aicile no mionfhocal</span>
<lb n="2458"/><span>diúltach amháin nach; gidh</span>
<lb n="2459"/><span>táid comharthaidhe ar fheidhm,</span>
<lb n="2460"/><span>trá tuigthear go bhfuil</span>
<lb n="2461"/><span>duairghiolla i n-éinfheacht</span>
<lb n="2462"/><span>leis; .i. óir ní bhfuil nídh ar</span>
<lb n="2463"/><span>bith foluighthe nach bhfoill-</span>
<lb n="2464"/><span>seóchthar; tá an carchleith-</span>
<lb n="2465"/><span>each, noch, ins an tsompla</span>
<lb n="2466"/><span>tuigthe, acht níl ráite san</span>
<lb n="2467"/><span>nGaedhilge.  Is caidridheacha</span>
<lb n="2468"/><span>na comaisgtheacha so: .i.</span>
<lb n="2469"/><span>coin, cáide, cas, cionad,</span>
<lb n="2470"/><span>cionnus, cidh is cáit: tig</span>
<lb n="2471"/><span>cuin, ó cia is sin; cáide, ó</span>
<lb n="2472"/><span>cia is faide; cas, ó cia is</span>
<lb n="2473"/><span>as; cionad, ó cia is ionad;</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="73"/>
<div><lb n="2474"/><p><span>cada, o cia is fada; créad,</span>
<lb n="2475"/><span>ó cia is rud; cionnus ó cia</span>
<lb n="2476"/><span>is ionnus; cáit, ó cia is áit.</span>
<lb n="2477"/><span>Is i n-ionad “cuin” scríobhthar</span>
<lb n="2478"/><span>le dream cia an uair; uime</span>
<lb n="2479"/><span>sin, ar son cas; cia fhaide</span>
<lb n="2480"/><span>ar son cáide; cia is as ar</span>
<lb n="2481"/><span>son cas; cia ionad ar son</span>
<lb n="2482"/><span>cionad; cia fada ar son</span>
<lb n="2483"/><span>cada; gad é ar son créad;</span>
<lb n="2484"/><span>gad mar ar son cionnus;</span>
<lb n="2485"/><span>gad as ar son cidh; cia áit,</span>
<lb n="2486"/><span>ar son cáit.  Is díbheachtach a</span>
<lb n="2487"/><span>curthar na fuidhiordhála</span>
<lb n="2488"/><span>caidridheacha so: gá, cé, &c.</span>
<lb n="2489"/><span>Is iarraidheacha an té, an tí,</span>
<lb n="2490"/><span>cách, gach, cuid, gibé, neach,</span>
<lb n="2491"/><span>is uile.</span></p>
<lb n="2492"/>
<lb n="2493"/><p><span>AN BRIATHAR, &c.</span></p>
<lb n="2494"/>
<lb n="2495"/><p><span>Is focal an briathar a</span>
<lb n="2496"/><span>chialluigheas gníomh nó beith</span>
<lb n="2497"/><span>éinneich ionaid nó nídh; .i.</span>
<lb n="2498"/><span>goiridh an fear, maireann</span>
<lb n="2499"/><span>na daoine, tuitidh an crann,</span>
<lb n="2500"/><span>atáim.</span></p>
<lb n="2501"/>
<lb n="2502"/><p><span>Táid ceithre phrímh-nidhthe le</span>
<lb n="2503"/><span>n-a ngrinnbhreathnughadh i</span>
<lb n="2504"/><span>mbriathraib; eadhón, eagar,</span>
<lb n="2505"/><span>raethe agus soinréim.</span></p>
<lb n="2506"/>
<lb n="2507"/><p><span>Táid ceithre ghné briathar;</span>
<lb n="2508"/><span>.i. gníomhach, fulaingtheach,</span>
<lb n="2509"/><span>neachtrach is eircghiollach.</span></p>
<lb n="2510"/>
<lb n="2511"/><p><span>Is gníomhach nó aistreach</span>
<lb n="2512"/><span>gach briathar a chialluigheas</span>
<lb n="2513"/><span>gníomh; .i. labhraim focal,</span>
<lb n="2514"/><span>sgríobhas an litir.</span></p>
<lb n="2515"/>
<lb n="2516"/><p><span>Is fulaingtheach gach briathar</span>
<lb n="2517"/><span>innseann nídh ar bith ful-</span>
<lb n="2518"/><span>aingthe nó cabhruighthe leis</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="74"/>
<div><lb n="2519"/><p><span>an adhbhar; .i. táim molta,</span>
<lb n="2520"/><span>claoidhtear go minic togha</span>
<lb n="2521"/><span>na bhfear i n-éan-ló.</span></p>
<lb n="2522"/>
<lb n="2523"/><p><span>Is beachtach, neimhbheachtach</span>
<lb n="2524"/><span>nó tearcach gach briathar.</span></p>
<lb n="2525"/>
<lb n="2526"/><p><span>Is neachtrach gach briathar a</span>
<lb n="2527"/><span>chialluigheas beith amháin;</span>
<lb n="2528"/><span>.i., táim, tá sé.</span></p>
<lb n="2529"/>
<lb n="2530"/><p><span>Mar an gcéadna, is neach-</span>
<lb n="2531"/><span>trach nó neamhaistreach gach</span>
<lb n="2532"/><span>briathar, nach dtéideann a</span>
<lb n="2533"/><span>gcumhacht go nídh ar bith</span>
<lb n="2534"/><span>eile, agus dhiúltigheas duar</span>
<lb n="2535"/><span>dhá leanmhain; .i. ruithim,</span>
<lb n="2536"/><span>eitiollaid na héanlaith,</span>
<lb n="2537"/><span>fuamnighidh na mara, béicidh</span>
<lb n="2538"/><span>na leoghain.</span></p>
<lb n="2539"/>
<lb n="2540"/><p><span>Is den neachtrach gach eirc-</span>
<lb n="2541"/><span>ghiollach, no neimhinsgne shíor-</span>
<lb n="2542"/><span>fhuineann mar fhulaing-</span>
<lb n="2543"/><span>theach, agus bhíos gan uimhir</span>
<lb n="2544"/><span>ná pearsa, .i., luaidhtear.</span></p>
<lb n="2545"/>
<lb n="2546"/><p><span>Táid cúig heagair; .i., Ful-</span>
<lb n="2547"/><span>áireamh, Tásgach, Oilbhéim-</span>
<lb n="2548"/><span>each, Iriseachtach nó Conn-</span>
<lb n="2549"/><span>radhach, is Iarraidhtheach nó</span>
<lb n="2550"/><span>Aimhchríochach.</span></p>
<lb n="2551"/>
<lb n="2552"/><p><span>'Sé an t-eagar an fíor-mhodh,</span>
<lb n="2553"/><span>le a n-eagruighthear an</span>
<lb n="2554"/><span>briathar, chum a thoid-bhrígh</span>
<lb n="2555"/><span>a fhoillsiughadh go hiomlán.</span></p>
<lb n="2556"/>
<lb n="2557"/><p><span>Orduigheann nó toirmis-</span>
<lb n="2558"/><span>geann an Fuláireamh; .i.</span>
<lb n="2559"/><span>taruigh, imthigh, grádhuigh é,</span>
<lb n="2560"/><span>úmluigh dhó.</span></p>
<lb n="2561"/>
<lb n="2562"/><p><span>Innseann an Tásgach an</span>
<lb n="2563"/><span>gníomh nó an t-adhbhar i lá-</span>
<lb n="2564"/><span>thair 's go cinnte; .i. táim,</span>
<lb n="2565"/><span>comharluigheann sé, grádh-</span>
<lb n="2566"/><span>uigheann sé.</span>
<lb n="2567"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="75"/>
<div><lb n="2568"/><p><span>Innseann an Toilbhéimeach</span>
<lb n="2569"/><span>an gníomh nó an t-adhbhar</span>
<lb n="2570"/><span>amhail indéanta nó doi-</span>
<lb n="2571"/><span>dhéanta, cóir nó corr; .i.</span>
<lb n="2572"/><span>ní sgríobhfainn, léighfinn.</span></p>
<lb n="2573"/>
<lb n="2574"/><p><span>Foillsigheann an tIriseach-</span>
<lb n="2575"/><span>tach an nídh go connradhach,</span>
<lb n="2576"/><span>ar son dóigh, mian no </span>
<lb n="2577"/><span>baramhail; agus téidheann</span>
<lb n="2578"/><span>comhnasg roimhe i n-a rádh</span>
<lb n="2579"/><span>nó 'na nod noch amháin</span>
<lb n="2580"/><span>chomharthuigheas é ó'n eagar</span>
<lb n="2581"/><span>thuas; .i. teagasg an t-ain-</span>
<lb n="2582"/><span>bhfiosach, gidheadh dá ndiuil-</span>
<lb n="2583"/><span>teochadh sé go ceanndána.</span></p>
<lb n="2584"/>
<lb n="2585"/><p><span>Innseann an tIarraidhtheach</span>
<lb n="2586"/><span>an nídh go hanchuimseach,</span>
<lb n="2587"/><span>agus go coitcheann gan</span>
<lb n="2588"/><span>áirmheacht do shluinneach</span>
<lb n="2589"/><span>d'uimhir ná do phearsain,</span>
<lb n="2590"/><span>óir níl neachtar aca aige;</span>
<lb n="2591"/><span>.i., léigheadh, labhairt,</span>
<lb n="2592"/><span>codladh, múnadh, dearcadh,</span>
<lb n="2593"/><span>siubhal, cruinniughad, suidhe.</span></p>
<lb n="2594"/>
<lb n="2595"/><p><span>Táid trí raethe; .i. freac-</span>
<lb n="2596"/><span>nairc, eagnairc is fáis-</span>
<lb n="2597"/><span>tineach; .i. suidhim, shuidheas,</span>
<lb n="2598"/><span>suidhfead no suidhfidh mé.</span></p>
<lb n="2599"/>
<lb n="2600"/><p><span>Innseann an freacnairc</span>
<lb n="2601"/><span>an t-am i láthair, agus</span>
<lb n="2602"/><span>foillsigheann an gníomh no</span>
<lb n="2603"/><span>an chríoch ar imtheacht san</span>
<lb n="2604"/><span>tráth chéadna; .i. chím.</span></p>
<lb n="2605"/>
<lb n="2606"/><p><span>Foillsigheann an t-eagnairc</span>
<lb n="2607"/><span>an t-am a chuaidh thort;</span>
<lb n="2608"/><span>.i. chonnairceas an bhó 's an</span>
<lb n="2609"/><span>laogh.</span></p>
<lb n="2610"/>
<lb n="2611"/><p><span>Foillsigheann an fáistineach</span>
<lb n="2612"/><span>an t-am le teacht; .i.</span>
<lb n="2613"/><span>chífead mór-bhuidhean.</span>
<lb n="2614"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="76"/>
<div><lb n="2615"/><p><span>Tá dhá uimhir ag briathraibh,</span>
<lb n="2616"/><span>uimhir uathaidh is uimhir</span>
<lb n="2617"/><span>iolraidh; .i. ruithim, ruith-</span>
<lb n="2618"/><span>eam.</span></p>
<lb n="2619"/>
<lb n="2620"/><p><span>Táid trí Pearsana ins</span>
<lb n="2621"/><span>gach uimhir; .i. mé, tú, é;</span>
<lb n="2622"/><span>sinn nó inn, ibh no sibh,</span>
<lb n="2623"/><span>is iad.</span></p>
<lb n="2624"/>
<lb n="2625"/><p><span>Táid dhá fhaoidh; .i. gníomh-</span>
<lb n="2626"/><span>arthach is fulaingtheach,</span>
<lb n="2627"/><span>Gníomhach, léigh, cruinnigh.</span>
<lb n="2628"/><span>Fulaingtheach léighthear.</span>
<lb n="2629"/><span>Atá an leabhar léighte.</span></p>
<lb n="2630"/>
<lb n="2631"/><p><span>Táid dhá shoinréim; .i. caol</span>
<lb n="2632"/><span>is leathan; mar atá, léigh</span>
<lb n="2633"/><span>is sgríobh.</span></p>
<lb n="2634"/>
<lb n="2635"/><p><span>Is ó'n mbríathar thigeas an</span>
<lb n="2636"/><span>sruithbhriathar i n-a bhfuil</span>
<lb n="2637"/><span>roinn den mbriathar is</span>
<lb n="2638"/><span>den tládhfhocal i n-éin-</span>
<lb n="2639"/><span>feacht; .i. ag léigheadh,</span>
<lb n="2640"/><span>ag míniughadh, sínte,</span>
<lb n="2641"/><span>sgríobhtha.</span></p>
<lb n="2642"/>
<lb n="2643"/><p><span>Táid trí ghné sruithbhriathar;</span>
<lb n="2644"/><span>.i. freacnairc, eagnairc is</span>
<lb n="2645"/><span>fáistineach.</span></p>
<lb n="2646"/>
<lb n="2647"/><p><span>Ghnídh an sruithbhriathar</span>
<lb n="2648"/><span>gníomhach, trá bhíos in</span>
<lb n="2649"/><span>roimhe, ionad na n-oibriugh-</span>
<lb n="2650"/><span>adh is na nduairbhriathar.</span></p>
<lb n="2651"/>
<lb n="2652"/><p><span>AN FULÁIREAMH.</span></p>
<lb n="2653"/>
<lb n="2654"/><p><span>An Freacnairc.</span>
<lb n="2655"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="77"/>
<div><lb n="2656"/><p><span>AN TÁSGACH.</span></p>
<lb n="2657"/>
<lb n="2658"/><p><span>Freacnairc.</span></p>
<lb n="2659"/>
<lb n="2660"/><p><span>An Dearbhach.</span></p>
<lb n="2661"/>
<lb n="2662"/><p><span>tá mé slán, tá tú slán, tá sé slán, tá sinn slán, tá sibh</span>
<lb n="2663"/><span>slán, tá siad slán.</span></p>
<lb n="2664"/>
<lb n="2665"/><p><span>Eagnairc.</span></p>
<lb n="2666"/>
<lb n="2667"/><p><span>bhíos nó bhí mé, bhí tú, bhí sé, bhí sinn, bhí sibh, bhí siad.</span></p>
<lb n="2668"/>
<lb n="2669"/><p><span>Fáistineach.</span></p>
<lb n="2670"/>
<lb n="2671"/><p><span>AN TOILBHÉIMEACH NÓ AN CONNRADHACH.</span></p>
<lb n="2672"/>
<lb n="2673"/><p/>
</div>
<pb n="78"/>
<div><lb n="2674"/><p><span>má bhím, má bhíonn tú, má bhíonn sé, má bhíonn sinn, má</span>
<lb n="2675"/><span>bhíonn sibh, má bhíonn siad.</span>
<lb n="2676"/></p>
</div>
<pb n="81"/>
<div><lb n="2677"/><p><span>Cuirthear réimhbhriathar i</span>
<lb n="2678"/><span>n-éinfeacht le briathar,</span>
<lb n="2679"/><span>le tládhfhochal, le sruith-</span>
<lb n="2680"/><span>bhriathar, nó le réimhbhriathar</span>
<lb n="2681"/><span>eile, le n-a mbrígh nó a</span>
<lb n="2682"/><span>gcumhachta dhearbhughadh; .i.</span>
<lb n="2683"/><span>léigheann an fíor-dheagh-</span>
<lb n="2684"/><span>dhuine go ro-ghrinn, labh-</span>
<lb n="2685"/><span>raidh go beacht.</span></p>
<lb n="2686"/>
<lb n="2687"/><p><span>Is mír den urlabhar an comh-</span>
<lb n="2688"/><span>nasg, a chuireas focla is</span>
<lb n="2689"/><span>rannta le chéile, .i. a</span>
<lb n="2690"/><span>cheann 's a chosa, ná seas,</span>
<lb n="2691"/><span>acht imthigh.</span></p>
<lb n="2692"/>
<lb n="2693"/><p><span>Is focal siudhuar a cuirthear</span>
<lb n="2694"/><span>roimh lánfhocla nó duair-</span>
<lb n="2695"/><span>ghiollaidhe, le n-a ndáil le</span>
<lb n="2696"/><span>chéile fhoillsiughadh, trá nach</span>
<lb n="2697"/><span>féidir a bhfoillsiughadh le</span>
<lb n="2698"/><span>soidhbhrisíbh: is éigin don</span>
<lb n="2699"/><span>bhfocal a cuirthear leo a</span>
<lb n="2700"/><span>bheith i n-orarus áiridhe, do</span>
<lb n="2701"/><span>réir acht is gnás: leanann</span>
<lb n="2702"/><span>an deilbheach cuid aca, an</span>
<lb n="2703"/><span>tairgeach cuid eile, tuill-</span>
<lb n="2704"/><span>eadh an liudhuarach.  Com-</span>
<lb n="2705"/><span>aisgeann siad so síos le</span>
<lb n="2706"/><span>foclaibh, acht go sonnradhach</span>
<lb n="2707"/><span>le duairghiollaíbh, .i., de,</span></p>
</div>
<pb n="108"/>
<div><lb n="2708"/><p><span>le, re, di, fa, fuid, ann;</span>
<lb n="2709"/><span>ag, um, faoi, ua, air, ion,</span>
<lb n="2710"/><span>tair, chuige, do, eidir, co,</span>
<lb n="2711"/><span>a, o, roimh, seach, .i., agam,</span>
<lb n="2712"/><span>agad, chugaibh-se, liom-sa,</span>
<lb n="2713"/><span>leat-sa, rér, romhad.</span></p>
<lb n="2714"/>
<lb n="2715"/><p><span>Acht ní chomaisgeann na</span>
<lb n="2716"/><span>siudhuair so síos le foclaibh</span>
<lb n="2717"/><span>eile i n-a saothar; .i. ann,</span>
<lb n="2718"/><span>san, chum, gan, go, gus, iar,</span>
<lb n="2719"/><span>mar, os, réir, timchioll.</span></p>
<lb n="2720"/>
<lb n="2721"/><p><span>Is focal uaillbhreas a</span>
<lb n="2722"/><span>cuirthear i measg rann,</span>
<lb n="2723"/><span>le mian an chainteora</span>
<lb n="2724"/><span>aithris; a mhuirnín! á!</span></p>
<lb n="2725"/>
<lb n="2726"/><p/></div></body></text></TEI>
Historical Irish Corpus
1600 - 1926

Gramadach Dhá-theangthach

Search Texts

Historical Irish Corpus1600 - 1926

Gramadach Dhá-theangthach

Search Texts

Historical Irish Corpus
1600 - 1926
