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Simple Lessons in Irish. Part IV.
Title
Simple Lessons in Irish. Part IV.
Author(s)
Ó Gramhnaigh, Eoghan - O'Gramhna, Eoghan,
Compiler/Editor
Mac Néill, Eoin
Composition Date
1898
Publisher
Connradh na Gaedhilge
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1600
1926
SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH. PART IV. (Parts I., II. and III. are issued in book form. Part IV. is commenced in Gaelic Journal No. 79. The pupil is supposed to refer to the indexes of the parts already published for words not given in the vocabu- laries to these exercises.) EXERCISE CLIII. - Continued. §1033. Vocabulary: cad a chlog é? cá mheud a chlog é? cia mheud a chlog é? What o'clock is it? Tá, the familiar form of atá. Atá had best be read as 'tá, except when it begins a relative clause. Ag feitheamh; in familiar Irish, when ag with a verbal noun is used as equivalent to the present participle ("waiting") in English, the g is not sounded, except before a vowel. Pronounce a'feitheamh, a'dul, a'siubhal, a'teacht, but ag ól, ag obair, ag imtheacht, in each instance as if ag were part of the following word. éirghe (ae'ree, usually eiree), act of rising, to rise. ag éirghe, rising, getting up. an phroinn (fren, Munst., freen), the meal, the dinner, gen., na proinne. dínneur (dee'naer)m., the ordinary word for "dinner," gen., dínnéir. an cheud-phroinn, the first meal, breakfast; gen., na ceud-phroinne. an breicfeasta (brekfastha), the ordinary word for "breakfast." ullamh, ready, prepared. imtheacht, act of going away, to go away. ag imtheacht, going away. corruigh, move, stir. labhair, speak. an fad, the length; i bhfad, far, long. ar fad, throughout, altogether; iad ar fad, them all. meas (mass), think, judge. an caladh, the har- bour, gen., an chalaidh. lán mara, full of sea, i.e., "high water." muir f., sea; gen., na mara. níos túisge, earlier. gach aon lá, every day, more exact than gach lá. § 1034. Translate: An tú Diarmuid? Is mé, a bhuachaill. Is mithid duit bheith id' shuidhe. Cad (cá mheud, etc.,) a chlog anois é, a Dhiarmuid? Tá sé leath-uair tar éis a seacht, agus támuid ag feitheamh ort ar feadh uaire an chluig, nó tuilleadh, bh'fhéidir. Och! táim im' chodladh, 's ná dúisigh mé! leig dom codladh go dtí a hocht a chlog. O! caithfidh tú éirghe anois. Tá an cheud-phroinn ullamh, agus beidhmid ag imtheacht i gceann leath-uaire eile. Corruigh leat, adeirim! Ná labhair chomh h-árd sin, má 's é do thoil é. Ní fhuilmid bodhar ar fad. Táim ag éirghe, acht tá fhios agam nach mbeidh sibh ag imtheacht go dtí ceathramha roimh a deich. An measann tú? Cia dubhairt é sin leat? Ní fhagann an bád an caladh go dtí an t-am sin. Nach maith atá a fhios agat! Imthigheann an bád ar an lán mara, agus bídheann an lán mara timcheall uaire an chluig níos túisge gach aon lá. § 1035. Vocabulary: Is cuimhin liom, I remember; Ulster, is cumhan liom. imthigh leat! bhí ag imtheacht be off! bheith ag imtheacht, to be off. mall, late. go léir (aler), entirely, altogether. iad go léir, every one of them. § 1036. What time did the boat go (imthigh) yesterday morning? <L 24a> EXERCISE CLIV. THE PRESENT TENSE (continued). § 1037. adeir deir (he) says do-bheir, bheir, viges. do-gheibh (yev), gets. do-ghní, ghní (nee), does, makes. do-chí, chí (h'yee), sees. tig (tig), comes. téid (taed), goes. § 1038. In Munster, the regular ending is sometimes incorrectly added to tá an fuil, as cionnus tánn t ú? or cuinnus taoidheann tú? for cionnus tá tú? or cion- nus taoi? 'how are you?' (an) bhfuileann tú go láidir? for an bhfuil tú, etc., 'are ou strong (in helth)?' § 1047. Vocabulary. An t-earrach, the Spring; an earraigh, of the Spring. Doineann, f., bad weather; na doininne, of the bad weather. Soineann, f., good weather; na soininne, of the good weather. Fad agus, fhad a's, as long as, whilst. Chomhfhad a's, as long as, whilst. An fhoglaim, the learning; na foghlama, of the learning. Ag foghlaim Gaedhilge, learning Irish. Mairg, "a pity;" is mairg do bheir agus is mairg do ghní droch-chomhairle, it is a pity (of him who) gives and it is a pity of him who does (.i.e., acts on) bad advice. Bhíos or bhidheas, who is (usually); see 750. An aois the age; na haoise, of the age. Tig liom, I can, I am able, lit. (it) comes with me. Ní thig leis an bhfeur fás, the grass cannot grow. Bádóir, a boatman; gen., bádóra. Nós, m., a custom; gen., nóis. § 1048. Translate the following pro- verbs:- An té do bheir, is é do gheibh. Ghní tart tart. An rud do chí an leanb, do ghní an leanbh. <L 25a> Ní thig an fuacht go dtig an t-earrach. Ní théidheann (théid) doineann thar Domhnach. Is fearr "so é" ná "cá bhfuil sé." Ní'l agam acht an beagán, agus is folláin dom féin é. Gheibh an capall bás fhad agus bhíos an feur ag fás. As an obair thig an fhoghlaim. Is mairg do ghní an t-olc, agus bhíos go bocht 'na dhiaidh (905). Ní thig (thagann) ciall roimh aois. Saoileann an t-amadán nach bhfuil aon duine críonna acht é féin. Ní thig le mála folamh seasamh, ná le cat marbh siubhal. Is maith an bádóir an fearr bhíos ar an talamh. Ná deun nós agus ná bris nós. Má's fada an lá, tig an oidhche fá dheireadh. § 1049. Vocabulary. teallach m, a hearth; gen., teallaigh; cois an teallaigh, beside the hearth, at the fireside. gnímh magadh fá dhuine, I make fun of a person; rinne sé magadh fúm, he made fun of me. Tá cumha orm, I regret (something lost, gone, or absent). imtheacht, act of going away or departing, to depart; ag imtheacht, going away. a chéile, each other, lit., his or its fellow; le' chéile, with each other, toge- ther, Mun., le n-a chéile; d'á chéile, to each other; ó' chéile, ó n-a chéile, from each other, etc. EXERCISE CLV. THE SUBJUNCTIVE OR OPTATIVE. § 1054. Endings of the subjunctive. 1. creidead (-adh) moladh (-adh), I. 2. creidir (-ir) molair (-ir), thou. 3. creididh (-ee) molaidh (-ee), he, etc. 1. creidimid - molamuid - we. 2. creidtí - moltaoi - ye. 3. creidid - molaid - they. § 1057. go bhfágaidh Dia do shláinte agat! § 1058. fan annso go dtagad (or go dtigidh mé) arís, § 1060. muna gcreididh sibh mé <L 26a> § 1062. Nár léigidh Dia sin! May God not allow that! = God forbid! Nár stada- muid choidhche! that we may never stop! § 1063. Phrases with Subjunctive: Go bhfóiridh Dia ort! God help you! Fóirim, I help or succour. Go mbuadhaidh Dia dhuit!, God give you success! God speed you! Buaidh victory, success. Go dtigidh do ríoghacht, go dtagaidh do ríoghacht, Thy kingdom come. Ríoghacht f., kingdom, gen., ríoghachta, from rí, king. Go mbeannuighidh Dia dhuit! God bless you! usually translated "God save you!" a common salutation in meeting a person. Go meuduighidh Dia do stór! may God increase your wealth. Stór, trea- sure, wealth; a stóir! my treasure! "asthore." § 1064. Go gcuiridh Dia ar do leas thú! may God put you on (the way of) your improve- ment. Leas, m., improvement, gen., leasa. Go mairir! go mairidh tú! may you live (long)! long life to you! Mairim, I live. Go soirbhighidh Dia dhuit!" may God make it pleasant for you! Soirbh, plea- sant, agreeable (not a very common word). Go dtugaidh Dia oidhche mhaith dhuit! God give you good night! tugaim, same as bheirim, I give. Go saoghluighidh Dia thú! may God lengthen your life! Saoghal, 865. § 1065. Go ngnóthuighidh Dia dhuit! may God prosper you! Gnó, m., business. Go dtugaidh Dia slán a-bhaile thú! may God bring you safe home! Note that bheirim and all the other forms meaning "give," "gave," etc., also mean "bring." Nár laguighidh Dia do lámh! That God may not weaken your hand! Nár chúitighidh Dia do shaothar! That God may not requite your (evil) exertion! Cúitighim, I requite. § 1066. Go mbeirimid beó ar an am so arís! May we live to see this time again (another year)! (Said when enjoying some good thing that the season brings). Beirim, I bear. Beirim ar rud, I (bring my hand to) bear on a thing. I catch a thing. Distinguish from (do) bheirim, § 1038. Go n-éirighidh ágh leat! or go n-éirighidh an t-ágh leat! may luck succeed with you! Éirigheann liom means "succeeds with me." Níor éirigh a ghnó leis, his business did not succeed with him. Ágh or ádh, m., good luck. Nár éirighidh an t-ágh leat! may you not succeed! Go n-éirighidh do bhóthar leath! may your journey (road) prosper. Go n-éirighidh leat go geal! may you succeed "brightly." § 1069. Translate: Beir air! Beir ar an láir! Na beir uirri! Rug sé ar an gcapall. Fan ann- sin go mbeiridh mé (go mbeiread) ort! Nár bheiridh tú choidhche air! Má bheirim air, béidh aithmheula air. Muan mbeiridh tú air-sean, go mbeiridh seisean ort-sa! Is mairg nach mbeireann ar an lá go mbeiridh an oidhche air féin. § 1070. Pádraig agus an Págánach. I n-aimsir Phádraig, do bhí fear d'ar bh'ainm Phádhrach 'na chomhnuidhe i ngar do Charraig Mhachaire Rois. Chuaid Pádraig ar cuairt agus ar chéilidh chuige, agus thug fá n-a iompódh ó'n bPágántacht, acht ní raibh maith dhó ann. Fá cheann bheagáin aimsire 'na <L 27a> SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH. PART IV. EXERCISE CLV. - Continued. Pádraig agus an Págánach. (Continued from page 26). dhiaidh sin, cia do chífeadh Pádhrach chuige acht an naomh, agus é ag déanam ar a thigh arís, le haghaidh a iompódha chum an Chreidimh Chríostaidhe. Chuaidh Pádhrach chum leabtha, mar nach raibh fonn cainte leis an naomh air, agus dubhairt le n-a mhnaoi a rádh leis go raibh se 'na chodladh. Nuair tháinig an naomh isteach, d'fhiafruigh sé de'n mhnaoi, "Ca bhfuil Pádhrach?" "Tá sé 'na chodladh," ar sise. Nuair do chuala Pádraig sin, is eadh adubhairt sé: "Má tá sé 'na chodladh, go n-éirighidh sé slán; Muna bhfuil sé 'na chodladh, nár éirighidh go bráth!" D'fhan an fear 'na chodladh go teacht do Pádraig arís, i gceann bliadhna ó'n lá sin. Do dhúisigh Phádraig é, agus do labhair leis arís, gur ghabh sé an Creideamh chuige gan duadh gan doicheall. § 1071. Vocabulary to foregoing: Pádraig, (Saint) Patrick. Págánach, m., a pagan, gen., -aigh. Págántacht, f., pagan- ism, genitive, págántachta. darbh' ainm = do-a-rbha ain, to whom (Padhrach) was name. Pádhrach, a man's name. i ngar, near. Carraig Mhachaire Rois (rush, the rock of the plain of Ros), Carrick- macross. an chuairt, the visit, genitive, na cuairte, ceilidh, f., an evening visit, a friendly call. iompódh, m., the act of turning, to turn; genitive, iompódha. a iompódh, his turning, i.e., to turn him. fá n-a, under his (n inserted). thug fá n-a iompódh, endeavoured (gave under) to turn him. ní raibh maith dhó ann, there was no good for him in it, i.e., he did so in vain. do chífeadh (or atchífeadh) would or should see, from do chím. déanamh, act of making or doing, to make or do. ag déanamh ar a thigh, making for his house. le haghaidh a iompódha, for the purpose of turning him. creideamh, n., faith, belief, reli- gion; genitive, creidimh. From creid, believe. Críostaidhe, Christian. From Críost, Christ. Leabadh, f., a bed; genitive, leabtha, pronounced lapa, often written leapa. Chum leabtha, see § 296. an fonn, the desire, fancy, liking; gen., fuinn tá fonn orm, I have a desire. le, with; le n-a, with his, her its, their. mnaoi, woman, wife; dative form, used instead of bean after prepositions. rádh, m., act of saying, to say, a saying. a rádh, its saying, i.e., to say (it). fiafruigh, ask, inquire. Second f sometimes not sounded. is eadh adubhairt sé, it is it that he said, i.e., what he said was, etc. In English simply "he said." go teacht do Ph., till coming for P., i.e. till P. came. bliadhna, of a year, bliadhain. Labhair, speak; do labhair, spoke. gur ghabh se chuige, (so) that he took to him, i.e., adopted. duadh, m., difficulty. doicheall, m., grudge, reserve. <L 1a> SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH. PART V. EXERCISE CLVI. THE GENITIVE (continued) § 1075. Examples of the rule:- Muintir Dhoire, the people of Derry. Leabhar Mháire, Mary's book. copán bainne, a cup of milk. lán an mhala, the full of the bag. cois na fairrge, beside the sea. § 1081. Examples :- fear, a man. firín, a little man. breac, speckled. bricín, a freckle. eun, a bird. éinín, a little bird. iasg, a fish. éisgín, a little fish. gort, a field. guirtín, a little field. beul, mouth. béilín, little mouth. sgeul, story. sgéilín, little story. cliabh, basket. cléibhín, little basket. cearc, hen. circín, little hen. cailleach, old woman. caillichín, little old woman. § 1082. If the word already ends in a slender conso- nant, ín is simply added, as smigín, coróinín, súilín, páircín, áitín, sráidín. § 1083. Seoirse, George. Seoirsín, little George. páisde, child. páisdín, little child. túirne, spinning-wheel. túirnín, little s. -w. cleite, feather. cleitín, little feather. fáinne, ring. fáinnín, little ring. § 1084. If the word ends in a, a is omitted, and the preceding consonant is attenuated. Nóra, Nora. Nóirín, little Nora. crúsga, jar. crúisgín, little jar. mála, bag. máilín, little bag. § 1085. A few proper names not ending in a vowel or -ín do not change in the genitive, as, Pádraig, beatha Phádraigh, Patrick's life; Gearóid, Gerald; Muiris, Maurice; Cathaoir, Cahir (a man's name), etc. § 1087. Tá sé ag bualadh na fuinneóige, he is striking the window. Ag ól dighe, drinking a draught. Ag fagháil bháis, dying, lit. getting death. Ag fágáil na tíre, leaving the country. Ag cur síl, sowing seed. Ag siubhal an bhóthair, walking the road. Ag déanamh a dhíchill, doing his best. Ag foghlaim na hoibre, learning the work (obair, gen. oibre). Ag iompódh an bháid, turning the boat. § 1088. bris, break, briseadh, (act of) breaking. brúigh, bruise, brúghadh, bruising. dóigh, burn, dóghadh, burning. dún, shut, dúnadh, shutting. mill, destroy, milleadh, destroying. caoin, lament, caoineadh, lamenting. mol, praise, moladh, praising. léigh, read, léigheadh, reading. buail, strike, beat, bualadh, beating. crom, bend, cromadh, bending. glac, take, glacadh, taking. caith, spend, throw, use, caitheadh, or caitheamh spending, etc. sgríobh, write, sgríobhadh, writing. sín, strethch, síneadh, stretching. <L 2a> § 1089. Verbal Nouns continued. Beannuigh, bless, salute, beannughadh, blessing, saluting. laguigh, weaken, lagughadh, weakening. meuduigh, increase, meudughadh, increasing. marbh, marbhuigh, kill, marbhadh, marbhughadh, killing. ullmhuigh, prepare, ullmughadh, preparing. árduigh, raise, árdughadh, raising. N. B. - Pronounce -ughadh like oo, very long. § 1090. ní thig le mála folamh seasamh ná le cat marbh siubhal, an empty bag cannot stand, nor can a dead cat walk. Ní féidir léigheadh ná sgríobhadh gan fogh- laim, it is not possible to read or to write without learning. Níor mhaith liom bean- nughadh dó, I did not wish to salute him. § 1091. Vocabulary: glaoidh (glee), call, glaodhach, calling. ceud, first (aspirates noun following). dóighte, burnt, from dóigh, burn. spioraid, sprid, f., spirit, phantom. mar sin, like that, so. cia hé féin? who is he (that you are talking about)? cia 'r bh'é féin? who was he? i ndiaidh a chinn, after his head i ndiaidh a cinn, after her head i ndiaidh do chinn, after your head, idiom, meaning head-foremost. § 1092. Translate - Bhíodar (= bhí siad) ag caitheamh uisge air, agus ag glaodhach air, agus fá dheireadh tháinig sé chuige féin, agus is é céad fhocal tháinig sé chuige féin, agus is é céad fhocal tháinig as a bhéal - "Ó! an sprid! an sprid!!" Tá an cailín ag bualadh an leinbh. Tá an leanbh ag milleadh an chóta. Tá sé ag briseadh an mhaide. Ghabh sé ag moladh an chailín go mór. Ná bí ag cur eagla ar an bpáiste. Bhí sé ag cur an pháiste 'san seomra, agus ag dúnadh an tseomra. Tá geata na páirce dóighte. Cia bhí ag dóghadh an gheata? Tá an chú ag marbadh na bó. Sin é mac an iasgaire 'n-a shuidhe ar bhalla an gháirdín, agus é ag caitheamh píopa. Bhí sé ag árdughadh an tsúiste os mo chionn. EXERCISE CLVII. THE GENITIVE (continued0). § 1096. Genitives in -n: Alba, Scotland. Alban. lacha, a duck. lachan. cú, f., a hound. con. ceathramha, a quarter. ceathramhan. comhursa, f., a neighbour. comhursa. Some nouns vary between this and other declensions, as, talam, earth, gen. talmhan, or talaimh; breitheamh, a judge, gen. breitheamhan or breithimh; eorna, barley, gen. eorna or eornan. § 1097. Genitives in -nn. Éire, Ireland. Éireann. gabha, a smith. gabhann. cuisle, a vein. cuisleann. abh, abha, a river. abhann. § 1098. Genitives in -d. cara, a friend. carad. námha, an enemy. námhad. fiche, twenty. fichead. <L 3a> Instead of cara and námha, the (dative) forms caraid, námhaid, are often used. The genitive fichead has an idiomatic use, deich fichead = 30, lit. 10 of 20, deich mbliadhna fichead, 30 years. § 1099. Genitives in -d. teine, fire. teineadh. teanga, tongue. teangadh. beatha, life. beathadh. slighe, a way. sligheadh. coill, a wood. coilleadh. món, turf. mónadh. § 1100. NOTE. - These genitives in dh ar not preserved in Munster, and not universally outside of Munster. Instead of them, the forms used in the genitive are the same as the nominative, except teanga, gen. teangan; coill, gen. coille; móin, gen. móna. § 1101. When the ending -adh is used, it is pronounced like oo very short, or rather ŭw. § 1102. Genitives in -ach. The word caora and many nouns end- ing in ir form the genitive in ach caora, a sheep. caorach. beoir, beer. beorach. an Feoir, the Nore. na Feorach. cathaoir, a chair. cathaoireach. cathair, city. cathrach. eisir, oyster. eisreach. § 1105. Verbal Nouns continued. gabh, take, go, gabháil, taking, going. fagh, get, find, fagháil, getting, finding. fág, leave, fágáil, leaving. tóg, raise, lift, tógáil, raising. § 1107. Verbal Nouns continued. feuch, behold, look, feuchant, looking. fan, wait, stay, fanamhaint, waiting. feic, see, feicsint, seeing. tuig, understand, tuigsint, under- standing. creid, believe, creideamhaint, believing. innis, tell, innsint, telling. § 1109. Verbal Nouns continued. dúisigh, waken, dúiseacht, wakening (or dúsgadh). imthigh, go away, imtheacht, going away. tar, come, teacht, coming. tabhair, five, tabhairt, giving. imir, play, imirt, playing. cosain, defend, cosaint, defending. osgail, fosgail, open, osgailt, fosgailt, opening. labhair, speak, labhairt. speaking. § 1111. tá sé ag fagháil bháis, he is dying, tá sé ag baint fhéir, he is cutting grass. § 1112. Vocabulary: bain, cut, pluck, take from. Vebal noun, baint, cutting, etc. This verb is applied to cutting crops, plants, branches, etc., plucking fruit, flowers, etc., and taking a thing which is not given. glac or gabh is used for "take" when the thing is given or offered. ar éigin, hardly, with difficulty. mar a chéile, like each other, alike. amháin, only. aon, one, aspirates. When aon, meaning one, is fol- lowed by a noun, amháin is nearly always added. Aon lá amháin one day, aon uair amháin, one time, once, aon chat amháin, one cat. Sometinmes aon is ommitted: lá amháin, one day, cat amháin, one cat. When amháin is absent, aon usually means any; aon lá, any day, aon duine, any person. a lán, its full, idiom for many, with genitive. daoine, persons, people, genitive same. gob, beak, genitive, guib. ceardcha, f., a forge, a smithy; genitive, ceardchan. comhairle, f., advice, genitive same. cealg, f., deceit, genitive, ceilge. slighe bheathadh, a way of life, a livelihood. uair éigin eile, some other time. § 1113. Tá Gaedhilg ag cuid mhaith de mhuintir na hAlban, acht ní mar a chéile í agus Gaedhilg na hÉireann. Bhí Albanach ag labhairt Gaedhilge liom aon uair amháin, agus is ar éigin do thuig mé é. Caidé an fáth nár thuigis é? 'Ar ndóigh, bhí se ag labhairt a chanamhna féin. Tá a lán daoine ag foghlaim teangadh na hÉireann le tamall, nach bhfuil? Tá go deimhin, agus tá mórán daoine ag léigheadh agus ag sgríobhadh Gaedhilge anois, thar mar bhí deich mbliadhna fichead ó shoin. <L 4> Cailleach na fiacla fada. Fiacail na con. Gob na lachan. Ceardcha an ghabann. Uisge na habhann. Cois na teineadh. Chomh dubh le gual na ceardchan. Comhairle an charad. Cealg an námhad. Tá slighe mhaith bheathadh aige. Bíonn sé ag moladh a shligheadh beathadh féin. Seabhac na coilleadh. Teine bhreágh mhónadh. Tá Domhnall ag baint choirce ins an ngort. Cia bhain an t-iorball de'n madradh? EXERCISE CLVIII. THE GENITIVE (continued). § 1115. The words athair, father, máthair, mother, dearbhráthair, brother, from the genitive by dropping i, making the final r broad, - athar, máthar, dearbhráthar. The genitive of deirbhshiúr is deirbhsheathar. cathaoir m'athar, my father's chair. túirne mo mháthar, my mother's spinning-wheel. mac mo dhearbráthar, my brother's son. § 1116. The old names for brother and sister were bráthair ans siúr. In latter times these words come to mean kinsman and kinswoman. Bráthair also means a friar. The present names of brother and sister are formed by putting dearbh, true, real, before these words. In dearbhráthair, the bh is silent, and in deirbhshiúr, the bh joins with sh and sounds like f. The genitives of bráthair an siúr are bráthar and seathar. § 1117. Verbal noun like English in- finitive. an doras do dhúnadh, to shut the door. an cailín do mholadh, to praise the girl. an leabhar do léigheadh, to read the book. mo cheann do chromadh, to stoop my head. comhairle do ghlacadh, to take advice. litir do sgríobhadh, to write a letter. Dia do bheannughadh, to bless God. duine do mharbhadh, to kill a person. an bóthar do ghabháil, to take the road. bás d'fhagháil, to get death, to die. slán d'fhágáil agam, to leave farewell with me, to bid me "goodbye." caisleán do thógáil, to build a castle. an solus d'fheicsint, to see the light. an chaint do thuigsint, to understand the conversation. sgeul d'innsint, to tell a story. an leanbh do dhúiseacht, to waken the child. biadh do thabhairt dó, to give him food. do bheul d'osgailt, to open your mouth. focal do labhairt, to speak a word. § 1119. an cailín a mholadh, to praise the girl. comhairle 'ghlacadh, to take advice, bás 'fhagháil, to die, sgeul 'innsint, to tell a tale. § 1120. Verbal Nouns continued. cuir, put, cur, putting. díol, sell, díol, selling. ól, drink, ól, drinking. fás, grow, fás, growing. rith, run, rith, running. siubhail, walk, siubhal, walking. meas, judge, meas, judging, opining. stad, stop, stad, stopping. § 1121. Verbal Nouns continued. coisrig, bless, coisreagan, coisreagadh, blessing, consecrating. ceannuigh, buy, ceannach, buying. druid, shut, druidim, shutting. tuit, fall, tuitim, falling. seinn, play, seinnm, playing (on an instrument). deun, do, make, deunamh, doing, making. seas, seasaimh, stand, seasamh, standing. § 1122. Vocabulary. meisge, intoxication, ar meisge, intoxicated, drunk. leitheid, leithéid, the like of. a leitheid, his (her, its, their) like, the like of him, agus c. a leitheid so de rud, such a thing as this. a leitheid sin (or súd) de rud, such a thing as that. samhail, may be used instead of leitheid. § 1123. Translate: Dubhairt m'athair liom an capall do dhíol ar an aonach, capall eile do chean- nach. "Domhnall ar meisge, agus a bhean ag ól uisge." Is cóir duine do mholadh nuair atá sé ag deunamh a dhíchill. Tá sé chomh maith agath (for you) do dhícheall do dheunamh agus an feur do bhaint, chomhfhad a's tá solus agat. <L 5> SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH. PART V. ["Cnoc Breac" points out the following ommissions from December Supplement: § 1091. an gáirdín, the garden. § 1091. inghean, daughter, genitive inghine cailín aimsire, a maid-servant, or simply cailín, m. an paráiste, Munster an paróiste, the parish. § 1113. an fáth, the reason. le tamall, for some time (past). fiacla, genitive singular of fiacail. le bliadhain agus le lá = for the past year and day. ar feadh or go ceann is used, followed by the genitive. Go ceann lae agus bliadhna = for a year and a day (to come.) Bhí sé ann le bliadhain, he had been there a year; d'fhan sé ann go ceann bliadhna, he stayed there for a year.] EXERCISE CLVIII. (continued). Ní féidir é 'bhaint indiu, tá se ro-fhliuch. Is cuma dhuit sin. Caithfidh thú é 'bhaint. Is mó an obair bheit ag bhaint fhéir a leitheid so de thráthnóna. B'fhearr liom é 'fhágáil mar tá sé go ceann seachtmhaine. Badh bheag an sgeul (matter) é fhágáil go ceann míosa. EXERCISE CLIX. § 1125. Verbal Nouns continued. Eirigh, rise, éirghe, rising. Ith, eat, ithe, eating. Guidh, pray, guidhe, praying. Suidh, sit, suidhe, sitting. Luigh, lie, luighe, lying. fiafruigh, ask, fiafruithe, asking. Corruigh, move, corruighe, moving. Comhnuigh, reside, comhnuidhe, residing. Téidh, téirigh, go, dul, going. Leig, let, leigean, leigint, letting. Abair, say, rádh, saying. Bí, be, bheith, being. Beir, bear, breith, bearing. Beir ar, catch, breith ar, catching. Iompuigh turn, iompódh, turning. § 1127. Examples of vowel dropped: Nominative. Genitive. aghaidh, face. not aghaidhe but aighthe. pinginn, pighinn, penny. not pinginne, piginne but pingne, pighne. maidin, morning. not maidine but maidne. obaire, work. not obaire but oibre. briathar, word. not briathaire but bréithre. carraig, rock. not carraige but cairrge. bláthach, f., buttermilk. not bláthaighe but bláithche. lathach, f., mud, mire. not lathaighe but laithche. dabhach, f., a vat. not dabhaighe but daibhche. cabhair, help, relief. not cabhara but cabhra. Samhain , Hallowtide. not Samhana but Samhna. anam, soul, life. not anama but anma. fiacail, tooth. not fiacala but fiacla. olann, wool. not olanna but olna. bliadhain, year. not bliadhana but bliadhna. leabadh, bed. leabadha but leabtha. talamh, earth. talamhan but talmhan. cathair, city. not catharach but cathrach. eisir, oyster. not eisireach but eisreach. § 1128. The same change takes place in many words when any ending beginning with a vowel is added. bóthar. not bóthairín but bóithrín, a little road. doras. not dorasóir but doirseóir, a doorkeeper. leabhar. not leabharán but leabhrán, a booklet. <L 6a> caiseal, m. fortress. not caisealán but caisleán, a castle. faiteach, timid, suspicious. not faiteachas but faitchíos, timidity, suspicion, fear. eidhean, ivy. not eidheanán but eidhneán, ivy. saothar, not saotharach but saothrach, la- borious. muilionn, muileann, not muileannóir but muilneóir, miller. focal. not focalóir, but foclóir, m., a vocabulary. creideamh not creideamhach but creidmheach, having faith. § 1129. Words formed from adjectives: áluinn. not áluinne but áilne, f. beauty. aoibhinn. not aoibhinneas but aoibhneas, delight. uasal, not uasaile but uaisle, nobility. saidhbhir. not saidhbhireas but saidhbhreas, wealth. ullamh. not ullamhuigh but ullmhuigh, prepare. § 1130. Endings added to verbs: siubhail, walk, not siubhailim but siubhlaim, I walk. codail, sleep, not codailim but codlaim, I sleep. tabhair, give, not tabhairim, but tabhraim, I give. osgail, fosgail, open, not osgailim, fosgailim but osglaim, fosglaim, I open. abair, say. not abairim but abraim, I say. labhair, speak. not labhairim but labhraim, I speak. § 1136. Vocabulary: an cúpla, the couple. déirc, f. alms, charity; gen. déirce. éiligh, claim, demand. éileamh or éiliughadh, vebal noun of éiligh. Do thabhradh, used to give; like do bhidheahd, used to be. (tabhair, give.) carbad, a chariot. líon, m. linen, flax, genitive lín. § 1137. Translate:- Is mithid dúinn biadh (d') ithe agus deoch (d') ól. Táim ag ithe bídh agus ag ól dighe. Is mithid duit éirghe. Suidh síos. Ní maith liom suidhe. Caithfidh mé bheith ag dul a- bhaile. Ná corruigh! Ní 'lim ag corruighe. Beir ar an gcapall óg. Ní thig liom breith air. "Do ghabh chugam cúpla i dtús na hoidhche, Agus iad go tuirseach ó shiubhal na tíre, Ag iarraidh déirce, 's ag éileamh cabhra, 'S ag guidhe chum Dé ar son gach aon do thabhradh." Féach na bacaigh ag teacht; bhí duine aca (one of them) ag iarraidh pingne orm-sa ar maidin. Bhí glór an-gharbh aca. Dá mbeitheá ag éisteacht leo, budh dhóigh leat gur gadhair iad bheidheadh ag ól bláithche. Éist leo anois, na bitheamhnaigh. Taim ag éisteacht leo, acht ní'l an glór chomh garbh aca agus adeir tú, ar aon chuma. Fan go dtagaidh siad i ngar duit. Is glas iad na cnuic i bhfad uainn. Nach breágh láidir na fir iad! Nach truagh fir mar iad súd ag iarraidh déirce, an uair budh chóir dhóibh bheith ag deunamh oibre!" <L 7a> § 1140. an t-ubhall - na hubhla, the apples. an caor - na caora, the berries. an smeur - na smeura, the blackberries. an leabhar - na leabhra. an focal - na focal. an fiach - na fiacha, the debts. § 1142. an cuan - na cuanta, the harbours. an dún - na dúnta, the forts. ceud, 100 - na ceudta, the hundreds. an ceol - na ceolta, the airs, songs. dán - na dánta, the poems. an seol - na seolta, the sails. líon, a net - na líonta, the nets. § 1143. Sgeul has two plurals, sgeula and sgeulta. Sgeula usually means "news, tidings". Sgeulta means stories. § 1144. Other strong plurals: an sluagh - na sluaighte, the mul- titude. doras - na doirse, the doors. an bóthar - na bóithre, the roads. an madadh, madradh - na madraidhe, the dogs. an slabhradh - na slabhraidhe, the chains. an mac - na mic, the sons. NUMERALS WITH NOUNS. § 1146. 1. aon ubhall amháin 2. dha ubhall 3. trí hubhla 4. ceithre hubhla 5. cúig ubhla 6. sé hubhla. 7. seacht n-ubhla. 8. ocht n-ubhla. 9. naoi n-ubhla. 10. deich n-ubhla 11. aon ubhall déag 12. dhá ubhall déag 13. trí hubhla déag 14. ceithre hubhla déag 15. cúig ubhla déag 16. sé hubhla déag 17. seacht n-ubhla déag 18. ocht n-ubhla déag 19. naoi n-ubhla déag 20. fiche ubhall § 1147. 1. aon cholm amháin 2. dha cholm 3. trí cuilm 4. ceithre cuilm 5. cúig cuilm 6. sé cuilm 7. seach gcuilm 8. ocht gcuilm 9. naoi gcuilm 10. deich gcuilm 11. aon cholm déag 12. dá cholm dhéag 13. trí cuilm déag 14. ceithre cuilm déag 15. cúig cuilm déag 16. sé cuilm déag 17. seacht gcuilm déag 18. ocht gcuilm déag 19. naoi gcuilm déag 20. fiche colm § 1148. 1. aon tseabhac amháin 2. dhá sheabhac 3. trí seabhaic 4. ceithre seabhaic 5. cúig seabhaic 6. sé seabhaic 7. seacht seabhaic 8. ocht seabhaic 9. naoi seabhaic 10. deich seabhaic 11. aon tseabhac déag 12. dhá sheabhac dhéag 13. trí seabhaic déag 14. ceithre seabhaic déag 15. cúig seabhaic déag 16. sé seabhaic déag 17. seacht seabhaic déag 18. ocht seabhaic déag 19. naoi seabhaic déag 20. fiche seabhac. NOTES ON THE NUMERALS. § 1149. Cia mheud ubhall atá agat? <L 8a> Ní'l agam acht ubhall. § 1150 aon ubhall, aon fhocal, aon duine, aon taobh, aon tsúil, § 1151 aon ubhall déág, not aon ubhla déag. § 1159. Cia mheud leabhar atá agat? Tá dhá cheann déag. Cá bhfuil na trí cinn eile? Tá ceann aca i dtigh na sgoile. § 1160. Tá dún mór ar an gcnoc, agus tá dhá dhoras déag ar an dún. Tá caisleán mór i n-aice an dúin, Bhí mé féin ar bhárr an chaisleáin sin aon lá amháin, agus chonnaic mé na cuanta i bhfad uaim, agus na seólta. Lá eile do bhíos ag siubhal cois na fairrge, agus bhí iasgaire ag caint liom. Dubhairt sé liom go raibh sé amuigh ar an bhfairrge an oidhche roimhe sin, agus go raibh ghaoth mhór ann, agus gur imthigh na líonta uaidh. Bhí dánta agus ceólta Gaedhilge aige, acht níor thuigeas na focail go léir. Bhí a chuid Ghaedhilge an- chruaidh ar fad. An raibh sgeulta aige. Bhí go deimhin ceudta aca (of them). Cár fhág tú na hubhla? D'fhágas (I left) ar an mbord iad, acht ceithre cinn atá im' (= in mo) phóca agam. Tabhair dham ceann aca, má's é do thoil é. So dhá cheann duit. Ní'l agam anois acht ubhall do Mháire, agus ubhall dom féin. Ná tabhair acht ceann amháin dom, mar sin (in that case), agus bíodh an dá cheann agat féin. <L 9a> § 1167. tír, a country. tíortha, countries. linn, a pool. linnte, pools. speur, sky. speurtha, skies. teach, a house. tighthe, houses. sliabh, a mountain. sléibhte, mountains. bó, a cow. ba, cows. bean, a woman. mná, women. sgian, a knife. sgeana, knives. lá, a day. laethe, or laetheanta, days. § 1169. Vocabulary. Ciarraighe, Kerry. fairsing, wide, roomy, ample, plentiful. lucht, people. lucht ceoil, people of music, i.e., musicians. rinnce, m. dancing, § 1170. Tá ceithre cosa ar chapall, agus tá dhá chois ar dhuine. Cár fhág tú do bhróga? D'fhág mé sa' (= ins an) seomra iad. Cosa, sála, glúna, lámha, sróna, adharca. Is fada iad adharca na mbó (Na mó, of the cows) i gCiarraighe, agus is glas iad na cnuic i bhfad uainn. Is trom cearc i bhfad (i.e., when carried far). Is caora mhór an t-uan i bhfad. Bíonn cluasa ag balla. Tá na sléibhte fairsing agus na tighthe gann sa' tír úd. Tá locha agus linnte go leor ann. Bhí fir agus mná, bacaigh agus cailleacha, capaill agus ba, muca agus madraidhe, lucht ceoil agus lucht rinnce, lucht Gaedhilge agus lucht Beurla, ar an aonach Dia'rdaoin so ghabh thorainn. EXERCISE CLXII. § 1172. STRONG PLURALS (continued) páirc, a field. páirce, páirceanna, fields. áit, a place. áite, aiteanna, áiteacha places. sráid, a street. sráide, sráideanna, sráideacha, streets. luch, a mouse. lucha, luchanna, mice. fuaim, a sound. fuamanna, sounds. léim, a leap. léimeanna, leaps. luibh,a herb. luibhe, luibheanna, herbs. uair, an hour. uaire, uaireanna, uaireannta, hours. litir, a letter. litre, litreacha, letters. freumh, a root. freumha, freumhacha, roots. cuid, a part. codcha, parts. leabadh, a bed. leabtha, leapa, leabthacha, lea- pacha, beds. ubh, an egg. uibhe, uibheacha, eggs. <L 10> NUMERALS ABOVE TWENTY. 21. aon is fiche 22. dó is fiche 23. trí is fiche 24. ceathair is fiche. 25. cúig is fiche. 26. sé is fiche. 27. seacht is fiche. 28. ocht is fiche. 29. naoi is fiche. 30. deich is fiche. 31. aon deug is fiche. 32. dó dheug is fiche. 33. trí deug is fiche 34. ceathair deug is fiche 35. cúig deug is fiche 36. sé deug is fiche. 37. seacht deug is fiche. 38. ocht deug is fiche. 39. naoi deug is fiche. 40. dá fhichid. § 1179 41. aon is dá fhichid, 50. deich is dá fhichid. 51. aon deug is dá fhichid, 60. trí fichid. § 1180 61. aon is trí fichid. 70. deich is trí fichid. 71. aon deug is trí fichid. 80. ceithre fichid. § 1181 81. aon is ceithre fichid. 90. deich is ceithre fichid. 91. aon deug is ceithre fichid. 100. ceud. § 1185. Dún-Garbháín Dun- garvan. Cill-Choinnigh Kilkenny. Ceann-Sáile Kinsale. Luimneach Limerick, gen. Luimnigh. Portláirge Waterford. § 1186. Cá mheud cearc agaibh? Tá trí cinn deug is dá fhichid. Cá mheud ubh bhí <L 11a> agaibh inniu? Bhí a cúig deug ar fhichid againn. Ca mheud caora thug tú leat chum an aonaigh? Caora agus trí fichid is ceud. Ar dhíol tú an oiread sin? Do dhíolas (I sold, i.e., yes), agus is truagh liom gan dá cheud eile agam. Fuair mé tuilleadh agus trí ceud punt orra. EXERCISE CLXIII. § 1189. chreidinn, I used to believe. chreidteá you [sing.], used to believe. chreideadh, [he, she, it], used to believe. chreidimí, we used to believe. chreideadh sibh, ye yesed to believe. chreididí, they used to believe. § 1190. mhol-ainn, I used to praise. mhol-tá, you used to praise. mholadh, [he, she, it], used, etc. mholamaois, we used to praise. mholadh sibh, ye yuesed to praise. mholadaois, they used to praise. § 1192. Instead of chreidimis, we may say chreideadh sinn. Instead of mholamaois, we may say mholadh sinn. Instead of chreididís, we may say chreideadh siad. Instead of mholadaois, we may say mholadh siad. <L 12a> § 1204. trosgán, furniture, trosgáin. an- (on), prefix. means "very" with adjectives, "great" with nouns. an-eagla, great fear; an -aoibhneas, great pleasure. bárach only in the phrases - i mbárach, to-morrow (adverb). an lá i mbárach, to-morrow (noun). an mhaidin i mbárach, to-morrow morning. an tráthnóna i mbárach, to-morrow evening. Lá ar n-a bhárach, the following day. ar éigin, hardly, with difficulty. feudaim, I can, I am able. urmhór, the greater part, urmhóir, formhór, same as urmhór, formhóir. iongnadh, wonder, surprise. Tá iongnadh orm, I am surprised. § 1205. Nuair bhíodh Domhnall ar meisge, do bhriseadh sé trosgán an tighe, agus annsin (then) do dhúnadh sé an doras agus ní leigeadh sé duine ar bith isteach. Do bhíodh an-eagla ar a mhuintir roimhe, agus d'fhanadaois amuigh ag feitheamh go dtéidheadh Domhnall 'n-a chodladh. Annsin do thigidís isteach go socair. Dá bhfeictheá Domhnall ar maidin lá ar n-a bhárach, badh thruagh leat é. Ní leigeadh an náire dhó feuchaint ar dhuine. Is minic do chaithinn féin tamall ag caint leis, acht is ar éigin d'fheudainn focal do bhaint as. Do bhíodh na páisdí agus na daoine eile ag magadh faoi, agus do chuiridís náire air, acht ní osgladh sé féin a bheul ar feadh urmhóir an lae. EXERCISE CLXIV. § 1227. Vocabulary: thángadar, they came, 3rd plural of tháinigh. fuaradar, 3rd plural of fuair. chuadar, 3rd plural of chuaidh. cosa-'n-áirde = cosa i n-áirde, feet on high, i.e. at full gallop. éirigheann leis, he succeeds. cláirseach f., harp, genitive cláirsighe. ar an gcláirsigh, on the harp. teud f., a string, a cord; genitive téide. ar théid, on a string. port, genitive puirt, fonn, genitive fuinn, a tune, an air. § 1228. Translate: An bhfaca tú na cailíní úd ar an mbóthar indé? Chuadar isteach ins an bpáirc agus bhaineadar neoiníní. Annsin (then) thángadar amach ar an mbóthar arís agus d'fhágadar na geataidhe ar leathadh 'n-a ndiaidh. Bhí bó agus gamhain ar an mbóthar, agus nuair fuaradar na geataidhe ar leathadh, chuadar isteach. Bhí Seumus Ó Briain ag dul síos an bóthar agus na mad- <L 14a> raidhe leis, mar is gnáthach leis. Nuair chonnaic an bhó na madraidhe, d'imthigh sí ar cosa-'n-áirde agus an gamhain 'n-a diaidh. Leagadar an claidhe agus chuadar trasna an ghuirt eorna úd thall, agus mhilleadar an eorna ar fad. Níor fheud Seumus iad do chasadh. EXERCISE CLXV. PLURALS CONTINUED. § 1230. dligheadh., a law; dlighthe, laws. rí, a king; ríoghtha, kings. nídh or ní., a thing; neithe, things. gnó, business; gnótha, affairs. Dia, God; déithe, gods. caoi, a way; caoithe, ways. daoi m., an ignorant person, plural daoithe. saoi, a learned person, plural saoithe. draoi m., druid, magician, plural draoithe. dlaoi f., a lock of hair, plural dlaoithe. § 1231. Gé, a goose, plural géanna. The historical form of this word is géadh, gen. sing. and nom. plural geoidh. These forms are preserved in Scotland. § 1232. Cnú f., a nut, plural cnótha. The various forms of this word are very uncertain. § 1233. lacha, a duck; lachain, ducks. cú, a hound; cuin, or cona, hounds. fiche, twenty; fichid, twenties, caora, a sheep; caoirigh, sheep. breitheamh, a judge; comhursa, a neighbour; comhursain, neighbours. (b) Ending in a:- cú, see above. mí, a month; míosa, months. cuisle, a vein; cuisleanna, veins. teanga, a tongue; teangtha, tongues. cathaoir, a chair; cathaoireacha, chairs. cathair, a city; cathracha, cities. eisir, an oyster; eisreacha, oysters. (c) Ending in e:- gabha, a smith; gaibhne, smiths. abha, a river; aibhne, rivers. cara, a friend; cáirde, friends. námha, an enemy; náimhde, enemies. teine, a fire; teinte, fires. slighe, a way; slighthe, ways. coill, a wood; coillte, woods. móin, turf; mointe, bogs. § 1234. teangthacha for teanga, teinteacha for teinte, aibhneacha for aibhne, etc. § 1235. The plurals of athair, máthair, dearbhráthair and deirbhshiúr now in use are aithreacha, máithreacha, dearbhráithreacha and deirbhshiúracha, sisters. GENITIVE OF ADJECTIVES. § 1236 an bhean mhór, the big woman; na mná móire, of the big woman; laoidh na mná móire tháinig tar lear, the lay of the big woman who came over sea. § 1238. An cath mór, the great battle; genitive lá an chatha móir the day of the great battle; an t-eun óg, the young bird; clúmh, an éin óig, the young bird's plumage. § 1239. An chos dubh, the black foot, fear na coise duibhe the man of the black foot. an sgian gheur, the sharp knife; cos na sgine géire the handle of the sharp knife. § 1240. Cuan an Fhir Mhóir, (the) Great Man's Bay, name of a bay in Connemara, diallaid an chapaill bháin, the white horse's saddle. <L 15> § 1243. tonn, f., a wave. Genitive tuinne, plural tonna. bruach m., brink. Genitive bruaich. EXERCISE CLXVI. GENITIVE OF ADJECTIVES CONTINUED. § 1245. lom, bare. Genitive masculine - luim. Genitive Feminine - luime. gorm, blue. Genitive masculine - guirm. Genitive Feminine - guirme. donn, brown. Genitive masculine - duinn. Genitive Feminine - duinne. trom, heavy. Genitive masculine - truim. Genitive Feminine - truime. borb, rude. Genitive masculine - buirb. Genitive Feminine - buirbe. bog, soft. Genitive masculine - buig. Genitive Feminine - buige. cro, bent. Genitive masculine - cruim. Genitive Feminine - cruime. geal, bright, white. Genitive masculine - gil. Genitive Feminine - gile. beag, small. Genitive masculine - big. Genitive Feminine - bige. ceart, right. Genitive masculine - cirt. Genitive Feminine - cirte. mear, active. Genitive masculine - mir. Genitive Feminine - mire. searbh, bitter. Genitive masculine - seirbh. Genitive Feminine - seirbhe. deas, pretty. Genitive masculine - deis. Genitive Feminine - deise. dearg, red. Genitive masculine - deirg. Genitive Feminine - deirge. seang, lean. Genitive masculine - seing. Genitive Feminine - seinge. Eireannach. Genitive masculine - Eireannaigh. Genitive Feminine - Eireannaighe. Albanach. Genitive masculine - Albanaigh. Genitive Feminine - Albanaighe. Sagsanach. Genitive masculine - Sagsanaigh. Genitive Feminine - Sagsanaighe. Lochlannach. Genitive masculine - Lochlannaigh. Genitive Feminine - Lochlannaighe. díreach, straight. Genitive masculine - dírigh. Genitive Feminine - dírighe. uaigneach, lonely. Genitive masculine uaignigh. Genitive Feminine - uaignighe. geur, sharp. Genitive masculine - géir. Genitive Feminine - géire. fionn, fair. Genitive masculine - finn. Genitive Feminine - finne. fial, generous. Genitive masculine - féil. Genitive Feminine - féile. fluich, wet. Genitive masculine - flich. Genitive Feminine - fliche. FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES. § 1246. fearg, anger; feargach, angry. seasamh, standing; seasmhach, steadfast. dícheall, endeavour; dícheallach, energetic. fuil, blood; fuilteach, bloody. gnó, business; gnóthach, busy; droch-ghnóthach, ill-employed. clú, fame; clúiteach, famous. áthas, gladness; áthasach, glad. lúthgháireach, bródach, rímeudach, glad, joyful. feur, grass; feurach, grassy. doilghíos, grief; doilgheasach, mournful. congnamh, help; congantach, helpful. saothar, exertion; saothrach, industrious. breug, a lie; greugach, lying, false. carraig, a rock; cairrgeach, rocky. brón, sorrow; brónach, sorrowful. cleas, a trick; cleasach, tricky. lúb, a twist; lúbach, deceitful. tuirse, weariness; tuirseach, weary, sad. doicheall, a grudge; doicheallach, inhospitable. saoghal, life; saoghlach, long-lived. buaidh, success; buadhach, victorious. saith, one's fill; sáthach, satiated. § 1247. an ghruag, f., the hair of the head; genitive, na gruaige. sleamhain, slippery. táirseach, m., a threshold; genitive, táir- sigh. <L 16> deas, pretty, also means right (hand, foot, side, etc.) clé, left (hand, etc.). craobh; Connacht, f., a branch; genitive, craoibhe; plural, craobha. craobhach, branchy. § 1248. Art na gruaige finne. Ceann mór na céille bige. Is sleamhain táirseach an tighe móir. Fál timcheall na páirce luime. Briathra mná buirbe. Abhrán na fuiseoige bige deirge. Bhí sé ag síneadh a láimhe deise chugam. Tá neart adhmaid bhuig agat annso. Bó na hadhairce cruime. Tháinig Brian i n-aghaidh an tsluaigh Lochlannaigh. B' í Nóra críonna cailín na súile guirme, agus b' í Lesbia cailín na súile duibhe géire. § 1252. creidfead, I shall or will believe. creidfir, you shall or will believe. creidfidh, [he, she, it] shall or will believe. creidfimid, we shall or will believe. creidfithí, ye shall or will believe. creidfid, they shall or will believe. § 1253. molfad, I shall or will praise. molfair, you shall or will praise. molfaidh, [he, she, it] shall or will praise. molfamuid, we shall or will praise. molfaithí, ye shall or will praise. molfaid, they shall or will praise. § 1256. The third person singular of the future can be used with any personal pronoun. Instead of creidfead, molfad, we can say creidfidh mé, molfaidh mé. Instead of creidfir, molfair, we can say creidfidh tú, molfaidh tú. Instead of creidfimid, molfamaid, we can say creidfidh sinn, molfaidh sinn. Instead of creidfid, molfaid, we can say creidfidh siad, molfaidh siad. § 1257. Like creidfead, form the future of bris, brúigh, dóigh, mill, caoin, léigh, buail, caith, síl, sín, feic, tuig, bain, cuir, rith, coisrig, druid, tuit, seinn, guidh, suidh, luigh, leig, léim, mair, give meanings. § 1258. Like molfad, form the future of déan, dún, crom, glac, sgríobh, fág, tóg, feuch, fan, díol, ól, fás, meas, stad, seas. Give meanings. § 1259. Vocabulary. leonaim, I desolate (a poetic word). ar ais, back, as in "come back." an claidhe, m., the fence (of earth or stone); geni- tive same; plural, claidhthe. le h-ais, beside, by the side of, followed by noun in the genitive. meas, esteem; dí-mheas, m., disesteem; geni- tives, measa, dí-mheasa. i n-áirde, up; tóg i n-áirde, raise up. § 1260. Translate: "Ní chreidfead go deo ó aon a bheidheas beo 'beir (-beidhir) bocht nó go leonfaidh an bás thu.'"
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