SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH.
PART IV.

(Parts I., II. and III. are issued in book form. Part
IV. is commenced in Gaelic Journal No. 79.

The pupil is supposed to refer to the indexes of the
parts already published for words not given in the vocabu-
laries to these exercises.)

EXERCISE CLIII. - Continued.

§1033. Vocabulary:

cad a chlog é?
cá mheud a chlog é?
cia mheud a chlog é?

What o'clock is it?

Tá, the familiar form of atá. Atá had
best be read as 'tá, except when it begins
a relative clause.

Ag feitheamh; in familiar Irish, when ag
with a verbal noun is used as equivalent to
the present participle ("waiting") in
English, the g is not sounded, except before
a vowel. Pronounce a'feitheamh, a'dul,
a'siubhal, a'teacht, but ag ól, ag obair, ag
imtheacht, in each instance as if ag were part
of the following word.

éirghe (ae'ree, usually eiree), act of rising,
to rise.

ag éirghe, rising,
getting up.

an phroinn (fren, Munst., freen), the meal,
the dinner, gen., na proinne.

dínneur (dee'naer)m., the ordinary word
for "dinner," gen., dínnéir.

an cheud-phroinn, the first
meal, breakfast; gen., na ceud-phroinne.

an breicfeasta (brekfastha), the ordinary
word for "breakfast."

ullamh, ready, prepared.

imtheacht,
act of going away, to go away.

ag imtheacht, going away.

corruigh, move, stir.

labhair, speak.

an fad, the length; i bhfad, far,
long.

ar fad, throughout, altogether; iad ar
fad, them all.

meas (mass), think, judge.

an caladh, the har-
bour, gen., an chalaidh.

lán mara, full of sea, i.e., "high
water."

muir f., sea; gen., na mara.

níos túisge, earlier.

gach aon lá, every day, more exact than
gach lá.

§ 1034. Translate:
An tú Diarmuid?
Is mé, a bhuachaill. Is mithid duit bheith
id' shuidhe.

Cad (cá mheud, etc.,) a chlog anois é, a
Dhiarmuid?

Tá sé leath-uair tar éis a seacht, agus
támuid ag feitheamh ort ar feadh uaire an
chluig, nó tuilleadh, bh'fhéidir.

Och! táim im' chodladh, 's ná dúisigh mé!
leig dom codladh go dtí a hocht a chlog.

O! caithfidh tú éirghe anois. Tá an
cheud-phroinn ullamh, agus beidhmid ag imtheacht
i gceann leath-uaire eile. Corruigh leat,
adeirim!

Ná labhair chomh h-árd sin, má 's é do
thoil é. Ní fhuilmid bodhar ar fad. Táim
ag éirghe, acht tá fhios agam nach mbeidh sibh
ag imtheacht go dtí ceathramha roimh a deich.

An measann tú? Cia dubhairt é sin
leat?

Ní fhagann an bád an caladh go dtí an
t-am sin.

Nach maith atá a fhios agat! Imthigheann
an bád ar an lán mara, agus bídheann an lán
mara timcheall uaire an chluig níos túisge
gach aon lá.

§ 1035. Vocabulary:
Is cuimhin liom, I
remember; Ulster, is cumhan
liom.

imthigh leat!
bhí ag imtheacht
be off!

bheith ag imtheacht, to be off.

mall, late.

go léir (aler), entirely, altogether.

iad go léir, every one of them.

§ 1036. What time did the boat go
(imthigh) yesterday morning?

EXERCISE CLIV.
THE PRESENT TENSE (continued).

§ 1037.

adeir deir (he) says
do-bheir, bheir, viges.
do-gheibh (yev), gets.
do-ghní, ghní (nee), does, makes.
do-chí, chí (h'yee), sees.
tig (tig), comes.
téid (taed), goes.

§ 1038. In Munster, the regular ending is sometimes
incorrectly added to tá an fuil, as cionnus tánn t ú?
or cuinnus taoidheann tú? for cionnus tá tú? or cion-
nus taoi? 'how are you?' (an) bhfuileann tú go láidir?
for an bhfuil tú, etc., 'are ou strong (in helth)?'

§ 1047. Vocabulary.
An t-earrach,
the Spring; an earraigh, of the Spring.

Doineann, f., bad weather; na
doininne, of the bad weather.

Soineann, f., good weather; na
soininne, of the good weather.

Fad agus, fhad a's, as long as,
whilst.

Chomhfhad a's, as long as,
whilst.

An fhoglaim, the
learning; na foghlama, of the learning. Ag
foghlaim Gaedhilge, learning Irish.

Mairg, "a pity;" is mairg do
bheir agus is mairg do ghní droch-chomhairle, it is
a pity (of him who) gives and it is a pity of
him who does (.i.e., acts on) bad advice.

Bhíos or bhidheas, who is (usually); see
750.

An aois the age; na haoise, of
the age.

Tig liom, I can, I am able, lit. (it) comes
with me. Ní thig leis an bhfeur fás, the
grass cannot grow.

Bádóir, a boatman; gen.,
bádóra.

Nós, m., a custom; gen., nóis.

§ 1048. Translate the following pro-
verbs:-

An té do bheir, is é do gheibh.
Ghní tart tart.
An rud do chí an leanb, do ghní an leanbh.

Ní thig an fuacht go dtig an t-earrach.
Ní théidheann (théid) doineann thar
Domhnach.
Is fearr "so é" ná "cá bhfuil sé."
Ní'l agam acht an beagán, agus is folláin
dom féin é.
Gheibh an capall bás fhad agus bhíos an feur
ag fás.
As an obair thig an fhoghlaim.
Is mairg do ghní an t-olc, agus bhíos go bocht
'na dhiaidh (905).
Ní thig (thagann) ciall roimh aois.
Saoileann an t-amadán nach bhfuil aon
duine críonna acht é féin.
Ní thig le mála folamh seasamh, ná le
cat marbh siubhal.
Is maith an bádóir an fearr bhíos ar an
talamh.
Ná deun nós agus ná bris nós.
Má's fada an lá, tig an oidhche fá
dheireadh.

§ 1049. Vocabulary.

teallach m, a hearth; gen.,
teallaigh; cois an teallaigh, beside the
hearth, at the fireside.

gnímh magadh fá dhuine, I make fun of a
person; rinne sé magadh fúm, he made fun
of me.

Tá cumha orm, I regret (something lost,
gone, or absent).

imtheacht, act
of going away or departing, to depart; ag
imtheacht, going away.

a chéile, each other, lit., his
or its fellow; le' chéile, with each other, toge-
ther, Mun., le n-a chéile; d'á chéile, to each
other; ó' chéile, ó n-a chéile, from each
other, etc.

EXERCISE CLV.
THE SUBJUNCTIVE OR OPTATIVE.

§ 1054. Endings of the subjunctive.

1. creidead (-adh) moladh (-adh), I.
2. creidir (-ir) molair (-ir), thou.
3. creididh (-ee) molaidh (-ee), he, etc.
1. creidimid - molamuid - we.
2. creidtí - moltaoi - ye.
3. creidid - molaid - they.

§ 1057. go bhfágaidh Dia do
shláinte agat!

§ 1058. fan annso go dtagad
(or go dtigidh mé) arís,

§ 1060.
muna gcreididh
sibh mé

§ 1062.
Nár léigidh Dia sin! May God
not allow that! = God forbid! Nár stada-
muid choidhche! that we may never stop!

§ 1063. Phrases with Subjunctive:
Go bhfóiridh Dia ort! God help
you! Fóirim, I help or succour.

Go mbuadhaidh Dia dhuit!, God
give you success! God speed you! Buaidh
victory, success.

Go dtigidh do ríoghacht, go dtagaidh do
ríoghacht, Thy kingdom come. Ríoghacht
f., kingdom, gen., ríoghachta,
from rí, king.

Go mbeannuighidh Dia dhuit! God bless
you! usually translated "God save you!" a
common salutation in meeting a person.

Go meuduighidh Dia do stór! may God
increase your wealth. Stór, trea-
sure, wealth; a stóir! my treasure!
"asthore."

§ 1064.
Go gcuiridh Dia ar do leas thú! may
God put you on (the way of) your improve-
ment. Leas, m., improvement, gen.,
leasa.

Go mairir! go mairidh tú!
may you live (long)! long life to you!
Mairim, I live.

Go soirbhighidh Dia dhuit!" may God make
it pleasant for you! Soirbh, plea-
sant, agreeable (not a very common word).

Go dtugaidh Dia oidhche mhaith
dhuit! God give you good night! tugaim,
same as bheirim, I give.

Go saoghluighidh Dia thú! may
God lengthen your life! Saoghal, 865.

§ 1065.
Go ngnóthuighidh Dia dhuit!
may God prosper you! Gnó, m.,
business.

Go dtugaidh Dia slán a-bhaile thú! may
God bring you safe home! Note that
bheirim and all the other forms meaning
"give," "gave," etc., also mean "bring."

Nár laguighidh Dia do lámh! That
God may not weaken your hand!

Nár chúitighidh Dia do shaothar! That God
may not requite your (evil) exertion!
Cúitighim, I requite.

§ 1066.
Go mbeirimid beó ar an am so arís!
May we live to see this time again (another
year)! (Said when enjoying some good
thing that the season brings). Beirim,
I bear. Beirim ar rud, I (bring
my hand to) bear on a thing. I catch a
thing. Distinguish from (do) bheirim, § 1038.

Go n-éirighidh ágh leat! or go n-éirighidh
an t-ágh leat! may luck succeed with you!
Éirigheann liom means "succeeds with me."
Níor éirigh a ghnó leis, his business did not
succeed with him. Ágh or ádh, m., good
luck.

Nár éirighidh an t-ágh leat! may you not
succeed!

Go n-éirighidh do bhóthar leath! may your
journey (road) prosper.

Go n-éirighidh leat go geal! may you
succeed "brightly."

§ 1069. Translate:

Beir air! Beir ar an láir! Na beir
uirri! Rug sé ar an gcapall. Fan ann-
sin go mbeiridh mé (go mbeiread) ort!
Nár bheiridh tú choidhche air! Má bheirim
air, béidh aithmheula air. Muan mbeiridh
tú air-sean, go mbeiridh seisean ort-sa!
Is mairg nach mbeireann ar an lá go
mbeiridh an oidhche air féin.

§ 1070.

Pádraig agus an Págánach.

I n-aimsir Phádraig, do bhí fear d'ar
bh'ainm Phádhrach 'na chomhnuidhe i ngar do
Charraig Mhachaire Rois. Chuaid Pádraig ar
cuairt agus ar chéilidh chuige, agus thug fá n-a
iompódh ó'n bPágántacht, acht ní raibh maith
dhó ann. Fá cheann bheagáin aimsire 'na

SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH.
PART IV.

EXERCISE CLV. - Continued.

Pádraig agus an Págánach.
(Continued from page 26).

dhiaidh sin, cia do chífeadh Pádhrach chuige acht
an naomh, agus é ag déanam ar a thigh arís,
le haghaidh a iompódha chum an Chreidimh
Chríostaidhe. Chuaidh Pádhrach chum leabtha,
mar nach raibh fonn cainte leis an naomh
air, agus dubhairt le n-a mhnaoi a rádh leis go
raibh se 'na chodladh. Nuair tháinig an
naomh isteach, d'fhiafruigh sé de'n mhnaoi,
"Ca bhfuil Pádhrach?" "Tá sé 'na chodladh,"
ar sise. Nuair do chuala Pádraig sin, is
eadh adubhairt sé:

"Má tá sé 'na chodladh, go n-éirighidh sé slán;
Muna bhfuil sé 'na chodladh, nár éirighidh go bráth!"

D'fhan an fear 'na chodladh go teacht do
Pádraig arís, i gceann bliadhna ó'n lá
sin. Do dhúisigh Phádraig é, agus do labhair
leis arís, gur ghabh sé an Creideamh chuige
gan duadh gan doicheall.

§ 1071. Vocabulary to foregoing:

Pádraig, (Saint) Patrick.

Págánach, m., a pagan,
gen., -aigh.

Págántacht, f., pagan-
ism, genitive, págántachta.

darbh' ainm = do-a-rbha ain, to whom
(Padhrach) was name.

Pádhrach, a man's name.

i ngar, near.

Carraig Mhachaire Rois
(rush, the rock of the plain of Ros), Carrick-
macross.

an chuairt, the visit, genitive,
na cuairte,

ceilidh, f., an evening visit, a
friendly call.

iompódh, m., the act of
turning, to turn; genitive, iompódha.

a iompódh, his turning, i.e., to turn him.

fá n-a, under his (n inserted).

thug fá n-a iompódh, endeavoured (gave
under) to turn him.

ní raibh maith dhó ann, there was no good
for him in it, i.e., he did so in vain.

do chífeadh (or atchífeadh)
would or should see, from do
chím.

déanamh, act of
making or doing, to make or do.

ag déanamh ar a thigh, making for his
house.

le haghaidh a iompódha, for the purpose of
turning him.

creideamh, n., faith, belief, reli-
gion; genitive, creidimh. From creid,
believe.

Críostaidhe, Christian. From
Críost, Christ.

Leabadh, f., a bed; genitive, leabtha,
pronounced lapa, often written leapa.
Chum leabtha, see § 296.

an fonn, the
desire, fancy, liking; gen., fuinn

tá fonn orm, I have a desire.

le, with; le n-a, with his, her its, their.

mnaoi, woman, wife; dative form,
used instead of bean after prepositions.

rádh, m., act of saying, to say, a
saying.

a rádh, its saying, i.e., to say (it).

fiafruigh, ask,
inquire. Second f sometimes not sounded.

is eadh adubhairt sé, it is it that he said,
i.e., what he said was, etc. In English
simply "he said."

go teacht do Ph., till coming for P., i.e.
till P. came.

bliadhna, of a year, bliadhain.

Labhair, speak; do
labhair, spoke.

gur ghabh se chuige, (so) that he took to
him, i.e., adopted.

duadh, m., difficulty.

doicheall, m., grudge, reserve.

SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH.
PART V.
EXERCISE CLVI.

THE GENITIVE (continued)

§ 1075. Examples of the rule:-

Muintir Dhoire, the people of Derry.
Leabhar Mháire, Mary's book.
copán bainne, a cup of milk.
lán an mhala, the full of the bag.
cois na fairrge, beside the sea.

§ 1081. Examples :-

fear, a man. firín, a little man.
breac, speckled. bricín, a freckle.
eun, a bird. éinín, a little bird.
iasg, a fish. éisgín, a little fish.
gort, a field. guirtín, a little field.
beul, mouth. béilín, little mouth.
sgeul, story. sgéilín, little story.
cliabh, basket. cléibhín, little basket.
cearc, hen. circín, little hen.
cailleach, old woman. caillichín, little old woman.

§ 1082. If the word already ends in a slender conso-
nant, ín is simply added, as smigín, coróinín, súilín,
páircín, áitín, sráidín.

§ 1083.

Seoirse, George. Seoirsín, little George.
páisde, child. páisdín, little child.
túirne, spinning-wheel. túirnín, little s. -w.
cleite, feather. cleitín, little feather.
fáinne, ring. fáinnín, little ring.

§ 1084. If the word ends in a, a is omitted, and the
preceding consonant is attenuated.

Nóra, Nora. Nóirín, little Nora.
crúsga, jar. crúisgín, little jar.
mála, bag. máilín, little bag.

§ 1085. A few proper names not ending in a vowel or
-ín do not change in the genitive, as, Pádraig, beatha
Phádraigh, Patrick's life; Gearóid, Gerald;
Muiris, Maurice; Cathaoir,
Cahir (a man's name), etc.

§ 1087.

Tá sé ag bualadh na fuinneóige, he is striking the
window. Ag ól dighe, drinking a draught. Ag fagháil
bháis, dying, lit. getting death. Ag fágáil
na tíre, leaving the country. Ag cur síl,
sowing seed. Ag siubhal an bhóthair, walking the road.
Ag déanamh a dhíchill, doing his best. Ag foghlaim na
hoibre, learning the work (obair, gen. oibre).
Ag iompódh an bháid, turning the boat.

§ 1088.

bris, break, briseadh, (act of) breaking.
brúigh, bruise, brúghadh, bruising.
dóigh, burn, dóghadh, burning.
dún, shut, dúnadh, shutting.
mill, destroy, milleadh, destroying.
caoin, lament, caoineadh, lamenting.
mol, praise, moladh, praising.
léigh, read, léigheadh, reading.
buail, strike, beat, bualadh, beating.
crom, bend, cromadh, bending.
glac, take, glacadh, taking.
caith, spend, throw, use, caitheadh, or
caitheamh spending, etc.
sgríobh, write, sgríobhadh, writing.
sín, strethch, síneadh, stretching.

§ 1089. Verbal Nouns continued.

Beannuigh, bless, salute, beannughadh, blessing,
saluting.
laguigh, weaken, lagughadh, weakening.
meuduigh, increase, meudughadh, increasing.
marbh, marbhuigh, kill, marbhadh, marbhughadh,
killing.
ullmhuigh, prepare, ullmughadh, preparing.
árduigh, raise, árdughadh, raising.

N. B. - Pronounce -ughadh like oo, very long.

§ 1090.
ní thig le mála folamh
seasamh ná le cat marbh siubhal, an empty
bag cannot stand, nor can a dead cat walk.
Ní féidir léigheadh ná sgríobhadh gan fogh-
laim, it is not possible to read or to write
without learning. Níor mhaith liom bean-
nughadh dó, I did not wish to salute him.

§ 1091. Vocabulary:

glaoidh (glee), call, glaodhach, calling.
ceud, first (aspirates noun following).
dóighte, burnt, from dóigh, burn.
spioraid, sprid, f., spirit, phantom.
mar sin, like that, so.
cia hé féin? who is he (that you are talking about)?
cia 'r bh'é féin? who was he?
i ndiaidh a chinn, after his head
i ndiaidh a cinn, after her head
i ndiaidh do chinn, after your head, idiom, meaning
head-foremost.

§ 1092. Translate -
Bhíodar (= bhí siad) ag caitheamh uisge
air, agus ag glaodhach air, agus fá dheireadh tháinig
sé chuige féin, agus is é céad fhocal tháinig
sé chuige féin, agus is é céad fhocal tháinig
as a bhéal - "Ó! an sprid! an sprid!!"

Tá an cailín ag bualadh an leinbh. Tá
an leanbh ag milleadh an chóta. Tá sé ag
briseadh an mhaide. Ghabh sé ag moladh an
chailín go mór. Ná bí ag cur eagla ar an
bpáiste. Bhí sé ag cur an pháiste 'san
seomra, agus ag dúnadh an tseomra. Tá
geata na páirce dóighte. Cia bhí ag dóghadh
an gheata? Tá an chú ag marbadh na bó.
Sin é mac an iasgaire 'n-a shuidhe ar bhalla
an gháirdín, agus é ag caitheamh píopa. Bhí sé
ag árdughadh an tsúiste os mo chionn.

EXERCISE CLVII.
THE GENITIVE (continued0).

§ 1096. Genitives in -n:

Alba, Scotland. Alban.
lacha, a duck. lachan.
cú, f., a hound. con.
ceathramha, a quarter. ceathramhan.
comhursa, f., a
neighbour. comhursa.

Some nouns vary between this and other declensions, as,
talam, earth, gen. talmhan, or talaimh;
breitheamh, a judge, gen. breitheamhan
or breithimh; eorna, barley, gen.
eorna or eornan.

§ 1097. Genitives in -nn.

Éire, Ireland. Éireann.
gabha, a smith. gabhann.
cuisle, a vein. cuisleann.
abh, abha, a river. abhann.

§ 1098. Genitives in -d.

cara, a friend. carad.
námha, an enemy. námhad.
fiche, twenty. fichead.

Instead of cara and námha, the (dative) forms caraid,
námhaid, are often
used. The genitive fichead has an idiomatic use, deich
fichead = 30, lit. 10 of 20, deich mbliadhna fichead, 30
years.

§ 1099. Genitives in -d.

teine, fire. teineadh.
teanga, tongue. teangadh.
beatha, life. beathadh.
slighe, a way. sligheadh.
coill, a wood. coilleadh.
món, turf. mónadh.

§ 1100. NOTE. - These genitives in dh ar not preserved
in Munster, and not universally outside of Munster.
Instead of them, the forms used in the genitive are the
same as the nominative, except teanga, gen. teangan;
coill, gen. coille; móin, gen. móna.

§ 1101. When the ending -adh is used, it is pronounced
like oo very short, or rather ŭw.

§ 1102. Genitives in -ach.

The word caora and many nouns end-
ing in ir form the genitive in ach

caora, a sheep. caorach.
beoir, beer. beorach.
an Feoir, the Nore. na Feorach.
cathaoir, a chair. cathaoireach.
cathair, city. cathrach.
eisir, oyster. eisreach.

§ 1105. Verbal Nouns continued.

gabh, take, go, gabháil, taking, going.
fagh, get, find, fagháil, getting, finding.
fág, leave, fágáil, leaving.
tóg, raise, lift, tógáil, raising.

§ 1107. Verbal Nouns continued.

feuch, behold, look, feuchant, looking.
fan, wait, stay, fanamhaint, waiting.
feic, see, feicsint, seeing.
tuig, understand, tuigsint, under-
standing.
creid, believe, creideamhaint, believing.
innis, tell, innsint, telling.

§ 1109. Verbal Nouns continued.
dúisigh, waken, dúiseacht, wakening (or dúsgadh).
imthigh, go away, imtheacht, going away.
tar, come, teacht, coming.
tabhair, five, tabhairt, giving.
imir, play, imirt, playing.
cosain, defend, cosaint, defending.
osgail, fosgail, open, osgailt, fosgailt, opening.
labhair, speak, labhairt. speaking.

§ 1111. tá sé ag fagháil bháis, he
is dying, tá sé ag baint fhéir, he is cutting
grass.

§ 1112. Vocabulary:

bain, cut, pluck, take from. Vebal noun, baint,
cutting, etc. This verb is applied to cutting
crops, plants, branches, etc., plucking fruit, flowers,
etc., and taking a thing which is not given.

glac or gabh is used for "take" when the thing is given
or offered.

ar éigin, hardly, with difficulty.

mar a chéile, like each other, alike.

amháin, only.

aon, one, aspirates. When aon, meaning one, is fol-
lowed by a noun, amháin is nearly always added.
Aon lá amháin one day, aon uair amháin, one time,
once, aon chat amháin, one cat. Sometinmes aon is
ommitted: lá amháin, one day, cat amháin, one cat.
When amháin is absent, aon usually means any; aon
lá, any day, aon duine, any person.

a lán, its full, idiom for many, with genitive.

daoine, persons, people, genitive same.

gob, beak, genitive, guib.

ceardcha, f., a forge,
a smithy; genitive, ceardchan.

comhairle, f., advice, genitive same.

cealg, f., deceit, genitive, ceilge.

slighe bheathadh, a way of life, a livelihood.

uair éigin eile, some other time.

§ 1113. Tá Gaedhilg ag cuid mhaith de
mhuintir na hAlban, acht ní mar a chéile í agus
Gaedhilg na hÉireann. Bhí Albanach ag
labhairt Gaedhilge liom aon uair amháin, agus
is ar éigin do thuig mé é. Caidé an fáth
nár thuigis é? 'Ar ndóigh, bhí se ag labhairt
a chanamhna féin. Tá a lán daoine ag
foghlaim teangadh na hÉireann le tamall,
nach bhfuil? Tá go deimhin, agus tá mórán
daoine ag léigheadh agus ag sgríobhadh Gaedhilge
anois, thar mar bhí deich mbliadhna fichead ó
shoin.

Cailleach na fiacla fada. Fiacail na
con. Gob na lachan. Ceardcha an ghabann.
Uisge na habhann. Cois na teineadh. Chomh
dubh le gual na ceardchan. Comhairle an
charad. Cealg an námhad. Tá slighe mhaith
bheathadh aige. Bíonn sé ag moladh a
shligheadh beathadh féin. Seabhac na coilleadh.
Teine bhreágh mhónadh. Tá Domhnall ag
baint choirce ins an ngort. Cia bhain an
t-iorball de'n madradh?

EXERCISE CLVIII.

THE GENITIVE (continued).

§ 1115. The words athair, father, máthair,
mother, dearbhráthair, brother, from the
genitive by dropping i, making the final r
broad, - athar, máthar, dearbhráthar.
The genitive of deirbhshiúr is deirbhsheathar.

cathaoir m'athar, my father's chair.
túirne mo mháthar, my mother's spinning-wheel.
mac mo dhearbráthar, my brother's son.

§ 1116. The old names for brother and sister were
bráthair ans siúr. In latter times
these words come to mean kinsman and kinswoman.
Bráthair also means a friar. The present names of
brother and sister are formed by putting dearbh,
true, real, before these words. In dearbhráthair, the bh is
silent, and in deirbhshiúr, the bh joins with sh and sounds
like f. The genitives of bráthair an siúr are bráthar
and seathar.

§ 1117. Verbal noun like English in-
finitive.

an doras do dhúnadh, to shut the door.
an cailín do mholadh, to praise the girl.
an leabhar do léigheadh, to read the book.
mo cheann do chromadh, to stoop my head.
comhairle do ghlacadh, to take advice.
litir do sgríobhadh, to write a letter.
Dia do bheannughadh, to bless God.
duine do mharbhadh, to kill a person.
an bóthar do ghabháil, to take the road.
bás d'fhagháil, to get death, to die.
slán d'fhágáil agam, to leave farewell with me, to bid
me "goodbye."
caisleán do thógáil, to build a castle.
an solus d'fheicsint, to see the light.
an chaint do thuigsint, to understand the conversation.
sgeul d'innsint, to tell a story.
an leanbh do dhúiseacht, to waken the child.
biadh do thabhairt dó, to give him food.
do bheul d'osgailt, to open your mouth.
focal do labhairt, to speak a word.

§ 1119. an cailín a mholadh, to praise
the girl.
comhairle 'ghlacadh, to take
advice, bás 'fhagháil, to die, sgeul 'innsint,
to tell a tale.

§ 1120. Verbal Nouns continued.

cuir, put, cur, putting.
díol, sell, díol, selling.
ól, drink, ól, drinking.
fás, grow, fás, growing.
rith, run, rith, running.
siubhail, walk, siubhal, walking.
meas, judge, meas, judging, opining.
stad, stop, stad, stopping.

§ 1121. Verbal Nouns continued.

coisrig, bless, coisreagan, coisreagadh,
blessing, consecrating.
ceannuigh, buy, ceannach, buying.
druid, shut, druidim, shutting.
tuit, fall, tuitim, falling.
seinn, play, seinnm, playing (on an
instrument).
deun, do, make, deunamh, doing, making.
seas, seasaimh, stand, seasamh,
standing.

§ 1122. Vocabulary.

meisge, intoxication, ar meisge,
intoxicated, drunk.
leitheid, leithéid, the like of.
a leitheid, his (her, its, their) like, the like of him, agus c.
a leitheid so de rud, such a thing as this.
a leitheid sin (or súd) de rud, such a thing as that.
samhail, may be used instead of leitheid.

§ 1123. Translate:

Dubhairt m'athair liom an capall do
dhíol ar an aonach, capall eile do chean-
nach. "Domhnall ar meisge, agus a bhean ag
ól uisge." Is cóir duine do mholadh nuair
atá sé ag deunamh a dhíchill. Tá sé chomh
maith agath (for you) do dhícheall do dheunamh
agus an feur do bhaint, chomhfhad a's tá solus
agat.

SIMPLE LESSONS IN IRISH.
PART V.

["Cnoc Breac" points out the following ommissions
from December Supplement:

§ 1091. an gáirdín, the garden.
§ 1091. inghean, daughter, genitive inghine
cailín aimsire, a maid-servant, or simply cailín, m.
an paráiste, Munster an paróiste,
the parish.

§ 1113. an fáth, the reason.
le tamall, for some time (past).
fiacla, genitive singular of fiacail.

le
bliadhain agus le lá = for the past year and day.
ar feadh or go
ceann is used, followed by the genitive. Go ceann lae
agus bliadhna = for a year and a day (to come.)

Bhí sé ann le bliadhain, he
had been there a year; d'fhan sé ann go ceann bliadhna,
he stayed there for a year.]

EXERCISE CLVIII. (continued).

Ní féidir é 'bhaint indiu, tá se ro-fhliuch.
Is cuma dhuit sin. Caithfidh thú é 'bhaint.
Is mó an obair bheit ag bhaint fhéir a
leitheid so de thráthnóna. B'fhearr liom é
'fhágáil mar tá sé go ceann seachtmhaine.
Badh bheag an sgeul (matter) é fhágáil go
ceann míosa.

EXERCISE CLIX.

§ 1125. Verbal Nouns continued.

Eirigh, rise, éirghe, rising.
Ith, eat, ithe, eating.
Guidh, pray, guidhe, praying.
Suidh, sit, suidhe, sitting.
Luigh, lie, luighe, lying.
fiafruigh, ask, fiafruithe, asking.
Corruigh, move, corruighe, moving.
Comhnuigh, reside, comhnuidhe, residing.
Téidh, téirigh, go, dul, going.
Leig, let, leigean, leigint, letting.
Abair, say, rádh, saying.
Bí, be, bheith, being.
Beir, bear, breith, bearing.
Beir ar, catch, breith ar, catching.
Iompuigh turn, iompódh, turning.

§ 1127. Examples of vowel dropped:

Nominative. Genitive.

aghaidh, face. not aghaidhe but aighthe.
pinginn, pighinn, penny. not pinginne, piginne but pingne, pighne.
maidin, morning. not maidine but maidne.
obaire, work. not obaire but oibre.
briathar, word. not briathaire but bréithre.
carraig, rock. not carraige but cairrge.
bláthach, f., buttermilk. not bláthaighe but bláithche.
lathach, f., mud, mire. not lathaighe but laithche.
dabhach, f., a vat. not dabhaighe but daibhche.
cabhair, help, relief. not cabhara but cabhra.
Samhain , Hallowtide. not Samhana but Samhna.
anam, soul, life. not anama but anma.
fiacail, tooth. not fiacala but fiacla.
olann, wool. not olanna but olna.
bliadhain, year. not bliadhana but bliadhna.
leabadh, bed. leabadha but leabtha.
talamh, earth. talamhan but talmhan.
cathair, city. not catharach but cathrach.
eisir, oyster. not eisireach but eisreach.

§ 1128. The same change takes place in many words
when any ending beginning with a vowel is added.

bóthar. not bóthairín but bóithrín, a little
road.
doras. not dorasóir but doirseóir, a
doorkeeper.
leabhar. not leabharán but leabhrán, a booklet.

caiseal, m. fortress. not caisealán but caisleán, a castle.
faiteach, timid, suspicious. not faiteachas but faitchíos, timidity, suspicion,
fear.
eidhean, ivy. not eidheanán but eidhneán, ivy.
saothar, not saotharach but saothrach, la-
borious.
muilionn, muileann, not muileannóir but muilneóir, miller.
focal. not focalóir, but foclóir, m., a
vocabulary.
creideamh not creideamhach but creidmheach,
having faith.

§ 1129. Words formed from adjectives:

áluinn. not áluinne but áilne, f. beauty.
aoibhinn. not aoibhinneas but aoibhneas, delight.
uasal, not uasaile but uaisle, nobility.
saidhbhir. not saidhbhireas but saidhbhreas, wealth.
ullamh. not ullamhuigh but ullmhuigh, prepare.

§ 1130. Endings added to verbs:

siubhail, walk, not siubhailim but siubhlaim, I walk.
codail, sleep, not codailim but codlaim, I sleep.
tabhair, give, not tabhairim, but tabhraim, I give.
osgail, fosgail, open, not osgailim, fosgailim but osglaim, fosglaim, I open.
abair, say. not abairim but abraim, I say.
labhair, speak. not labhairim but labhraim, I speak.

§ 1136. Vocabulary:

an cúpla, the couple.
déirc, f. alms, charity; gen. déirce.
éiligh, claim, demand.
éileamh or éiliughadh, vebal noun of
éiligh.

Do thabhradh, used to
give; like do bhidheahd, used to be. (tabhair, give.)
carbad, a chariot.
líon, m. linen, flax, genitive lín.

§ 1137. Translate:-

Is mithid dúinn biadh (d') ithe agus deoch (d')
ól. Táim ag ithe bídh agus ag ól dighe. Is
mithid duit éirghe. Suidh síos. Ní maith
liom suidhe. Caithfidh mé bheith ag dul a-
bhaile. Ná corruigh! Ní 'lim ag corruighe.
Beir ar an gcapall óg. Ní thig liom
breith air.

"Do ghabh chugam cúpla i dtús na hoidhche,
Agus iad go tuirseach ó shiubhal na tíre,
Ag iarraidh déirce, 's ag éileamh cabhra,
'S ag guidhe chum Dé ar son gach aon do
thabhradh."

Féach na bacaigh ag teacht; bhí duine aca
(one of them) ag iarraidh pingne orm-sa
ar maidin. Bhí glór an-gharbh aca. Dá
mbeitheá ag éisteacht leo, budh dhóigh leat
gur gadhair iad bheidheadh ag ól bláithche.
Éist leo anois, na bitheamhnaigh. Taim ag
éisteacht leo, acht ní'l an glór chomh garbh
aca agus adeir tú, ar aon chuma. Fan go
dtagaidh siad i ngar duit. Is glas iad na
cnuic i bhfad uainn. Nach breágh láidir na
fir iad! Nach truagh fir mar iad súd ag
iarraidh déirce, an uair budh chóir dhóibh bheith
ag deunamh oibre!"

§ 1140.

an t-ubhall - na hubhla, the apples.
an caor - na caora, the berries.
an smeur - na smeura, the blackberries.
an leabhar - na leabhra.
an focal - na focal.
an fiach - na fiacha, the debts.

§ 1142.

an cuan - na cuanta, the harbours.
an dún - na dúnta, the forts.
ceud, 100 - na ceudta, the hundreds.
an ceol - na ceolta, the airs, songs.
dán - na dánta, the poems.
an seol - na seolta, the sails.
líon, a net - na líonta, the nets.

§ 1143.

Sgeul has two plurals, sgeula and sgeulta.
Sgeula usually means "news, tidings". Sgeulta means
stories.

§ 1144. Other strong plurals:

an sluagh - na sluaighte, the mul-
titude.
doras - na doirse,
the doors.
an bóthar - na bóithre, the
roads.
an madadh, madradh - na madraidhe, the
dogs.
an slabhradh - na slabhraidhe, the
chains.
an mac - na mic, the sons.

NUMERALS WITH NOUNS.

§ 1146.

1. aon ubhall amháin
2. dha ubhall
3. trí hubhla
4. ceithre hubhla
5. cúig ubhla
6. sé hubhla.
7. seacht n-ubhla.
8. ocht n-ubhla.
9. naoi n-ubhla.
10. deich n-ubhla
11. aon ubhall déag
12. dhá ubhall déag
13. trí hubhla déag
14. ceithre hubhla déag
15. cúig ubhla déag
16. sé hubhla déag
17. seacht n-ubhla déag
18. ocht n-ubhla déag
19. naoi n-ubhla déag
20. fiche ubhall

§ 1147.

1. aon cholm amháin
2. dha cholm
3. trí cuilm
4. ceithre cuilm
5. cúig cuilm
6. sé cuilm
7. seach gcuilm
8. ocht gcuilm
9. naoi gcuilm
10. deich gcuilm
11. aon cholm déag
12. dá cholm dhéag
13. trí cuilm déag
14. ceithre cuilm déag
15. cúig cuilm déag
16. sé cuilm déag
17. seacht gcuilm déag
18. ocht gcuilm déag
19. naoi gcuilm déag
20. fiche colm

§ 1148.

1. aon tseabhac amháin
2. dhá sheabhac
3. trí seabhaic
4. ceithre seabhaic
5. cúig seabhaic
6. sé seabhaic
7. seacht seabhaic
8. ocht seabhaic
9. naoi seabhaic
10. deich seabhaic
11. aon tseabhac déag
12. dhá sheabhac dhéag
13. trí seabhaic déag
14. ceithre seabhaic déag
15. cúig seabhaic déag
16. sé seabhaic déag
17. seacht seabhaic déag
18. ocht seabhaic déag
19. naoi seabhaic déag
20. fiche seabhac.

NOTES ON THE NUMERALS.
§ 1149. Cia mheud ubhall atá agat?

Ní'l agam
acht ubhall.

§ 1150
aon ubhall, aon fhocal, aon
duine, aon taobh, aon tsúil,

§ 1151
aon ubhall déág, not aon ubhla
déag.

§ 1159.
Cia mheud leabhar atá agat? Tá dhá cheann
déag.
Cá bhfuil na trí cinn eile?
Tá ceann aca
i dtigh na sgoile.

§ 1160. Tá dún mór ar an gcnoc, agus tá
dhá dhoras déag ar an dún. Tá caisleán
mór i n-aice an dúin, Bhí mé féin ar bhárr
an chaisleáin sin aon lá amháin, agus chonnaic
mé na cuanta i bhfad uaim, agus na seólta.
Lá eile do bhíos ag siubhal cois na fairrge,
agus bhí iasgaire ag caint liom. Dubhairt sé
liom go raibh sé amuigh ar an bhfairrge an
oidhche roimhe sin, agus go raibh ghaoth mhór ann,
agus gur imthigh na líonta uaidh. Bhí dánta agus
ceólta Gaedhilge aige, acht níor thuigeas na
focail go léir. Bhí a chuid Ghaedhilge an-
chruaidh ar fad. An raibh sgeulta aige.
Bhí go deimhin ceudta aca (of them).

Cár fhág tú na hubhla? D'fhágas (I left)
ar an mbord iad, acht ceithre cinn atá im'
(= in mo) phóca agam. Tabhair dham ceann
aca, má's é do thoil é. So dhá cheann duit.
Ní'l agam anois acht ubhall do Mháire, agus
ubhall dom féin. Ná tabhair acht ceann
amháin dom, mar sin (in that case), agus bíodh
an dá cheann agat féin.

§ 1167.
tír, a country. tíortha, countries.
linn, a pool. linnte, pools.
speur, sky. speurtha, skies.
teach, a house. tighthe, houses.
sliabh, a mountain. sléibhte, mountains.

bó, a cow. ba, cows.
bean, a woman. mná, women.
sgian, a knife. sgeana, knives.
lá, a day. laethe, or laetheanta,
days.

§ 1169. Vocabulary.
Ciarraighe, Kerry.
fairsing, wide, roomy, ample, plentiful.
lucht, people.
lucht ceoil, people of music, i.e., musicians.
rinnce, m. dancing,

§ 1170. Tá ceithre cosa ar chapall, agus
tá dhá chois ar dhuine. Cár fhág tú do
bhróga? D'fhág mé sa' (= ins an) seomra
iad. Cosa, sála, glúna, lámha, sróna,
adharca. Is fada iad adharca na mbó
(Na mó, of the cows) i gCiarraighe, agus is
glas iad na cnuic i bhfad uainn. Is trom
cearc i bhfad (i.e., when carried far). Is
caora mhór an t-uan i bhfad. Bíonn cluasa
ag balla. Tá na sléibhte fairsing agus na
tighthe gann sa' tír úd. Tá locha agus linnte
go leor ann. Bhí fir agus mná, bacaigh agus
cailleacha, capaill agus ba, muca agus madraidhe,
lucht ceoil agus lucht rinnce, lucht Gaedhilge agus
lucht Beurla, ar an aonach Dia'rdaoin so
ghabh thorainn.

EXERCISE CLXII.

§ 1172. STRONG PLURALS (continued)

páirc, a field. páirce, páirceanna, fields.
áit, a place. áite, aiteanna, áiteacha
places.
sráid, a street. sráide, sráideanna, sráideacha, streets.
luch, a mouse. lucha, luchanna, mice.
fuaim, a sound. fuamanna, sounds.
léim, a leap. léimeanna, leaps.
luibh,a herb. luibhe, luibheanna, herbs.
uair, an hour. uaire, uaireanna, uaireannta, hours.
litir, a letter. litre, litreacha, letters.
freumh, a root. freumha, freumhacha, roots.
cuid, a part. codcha, parts.
leabadh, a bed. leabtha, leapa, leabthacha, lea-
pacha, beds.
ubh, an egg. uibhe, uibheacha, eggs.

NUMERALS ABOVE TWENTY.

21. aon is fiche
22. dó is fiche
23. trí is fiche
24. ceathair is fiche.
25. cúig is fiche.
26. sé is fiche.
27. seacht is fiche.
28. ocht is fiche.
29. naoi is fiche.
30. deich is fiche.
31. aon deug is fiche.
32. dó dheug is fiche.
33. trí deug is fiche
34. ceathair deug is fiche
35. cúig deug is fiche
36. sé deug is fiche.
37. seacht deug is fiche.
38. ocht deug is fiche.
39. naoi deug is fiche.
40. dá fhichid.

§ 1179
41. aon is dá fhichid,
50. deich is dá fhichid.
51. aon deug is dá fhichid,
60. trí fichid.

§ 1180
61. aon is trí fichid.
70. deich is trí fichid.
71. aon deug is trí fichid.
80. ceithre fichid.

§ 1181
81. aon is ceithre fichid.
90. deich is ceithre fichid.
91. aon deug is ceithre fichid.
100. ceud.

§ 1185.
Dún-Garbháín Dun-
garvan.
Cill-Choinnigh Kilkenny.
Ceann-Sáile
Kinsale.
Luimneach Limerick, gen.
Luimnigh.
Portláirge Waterford.

§ 1186. Cá mheud cearc agaibh? Tá trí
cinn deug is dá fhichid. Cá mheud ubh bhí

agaibh inniu? Bhí a cúig deug ar fhichid
againn. Ca mheud caora thug tú leat
chum an aonaigh? Caora agus trí fichid is
ceud. Ar dhíol tú an oiread sin? Do
dhíolas (I sold, i.e., yes), agus is truagh liom
gan dá cheud eile agam. Fuair mé
tuilleadh agus trí ceud punt orra.

EXERCISE CLXIII.

§ 1189.
chreidinn, I used to believe.
chreidteá you [sing.], used to
believe.
chreideadh, [he, she, it],
used to believe.
chreidimí, we used to believe.
chreideadh sibh, ye yesed to believe.
chreididí, they used to
believe.

§ 1190.
mhol-ainn, I used to praise.
mhol-tá, you used to praise.
mholadh, [he, she, it],
used, etc.
mholamaois, we used to
praise.
mholadh sibh, ye yuesed to praise.
mholadaois, they used to
praise.

§ 1192.
Instead of chreidimis, we may say chreideadh sinn.
Instead of mholamaois, we may say mholadh sinn.
Instead of chreididís, we may say chreideadh siad.
Instead of mholadaois, we may say mholadh siad.

§ 1204.

trosgán, furniture, trosgáin.
an- (on), prefix. means "very" with adjectives, "great"
with nouns.
an-eagla, great fear; an -aoibhneas, great pleasure.

bárach only in the phrases -
i mbárach, to-morrow (adverb).
an lá i mbárach, to-morrow (noun).
an mhaidin i mbárach, to-morrow morning.
an tráthnóna i mbárach, to-morrow evening.
Lá ar n-a bhárach, the following day.
ar éigin, hardly, with difficulty.
feudaim, I can, I am able.
urmhór, the greater part, urmhóir,
formhór, same as urmhór, formhóir.
iongnadh, wonder,
surprise. Tá iongnadh orm, I am surprised.

§ 1205. Nuair bhíodh Domhnall ar meisge,
do bhriseadh sé trosgán an tighe, agus annsin
(then) do dhúnadh sé an doras agus ní leigeadh
sé duine ar bith isteach. Do bhíodh an-eagla
ar a mhuintir roimhe, agus d'fhanadaois amuigh
ag feitheamh go dtéidheadh Domhnall 'n-a
chodladh. Annsin do thigidís isteach go
socair. Dá bhfeictheá Domhnall ar maidin
lá ar n-a bhárach, badh thruagh leat é. Ní
leigeadh an náire dhó feuchaint ar dhuine.
Is minic do chaithinn féin tamall ag caint
leis, acht is ar éigin d'fheudainn focal do
bhaint as. Do bhíodh na páisdí agus na daoine
eile ag magadh faoi, agus do chuiridís náire
air, acht ní osgladh sé féin a bheul ar feadh
urmhóir an lae.

EXERCISE CLXIV.
§ 1227. Vocabulary:
thángadar,
they came, 3rd plural of tháinigh.
fuaradar, 3rd plural of fuair.
chuadar, 3rd plural of chuaidh.
cosa-'n-áirde = cosa i n-áirde, feet on high, i.e. at
full gallop.
éirigheann leis, he succeeds.
cláirseach f., harp, genitive cláirsighe.
ar an gcláirsigh, on the harp.
teud f., a string, a cord; genitive téide.
ar théid, on a string.
port, genitive puirt, fonn, genitive fuinn, a tune, an air.

§ 1228. Translate: An bhfaca tú na
cailíní úd ar an mbóthar indé? Chuadar
isteach ins an bpáirc agus bhaineadar neoiníní.
Annsin (then) thángadar amach ar an
mbóthar arís agus d'fhágadar na geataidhe ar
leathadh 'n-a ndiaidh. Bhí bó agus gamhain ar an
mbóthar, agus nuair fuaradar na geataidhe ar
leathadh, chuadar isteach. Bhí Seumus Ó
Briain ag dul síos an bóthar agus na mad-

raidhe leis, mar is gnáthach leis. Nuair
chonnaic an bhó na madraidhe, d'imthigh sí ar
cosa-'n-áirde agus an gamhain 'n-a diaidh.
Leagadar an claidhe agus chuadar trasna an
ghuirt eorna úd thall, agus mhilleadar an
eorna ar fad. Níor fheud Seumus iad do
chasadh.

EXERCISE CLXV.

PLURALS CONTINUED.

§ 1230.
dligheadh., a law; dlighthe, laws.
rí, a king; ríoghtha, kings.
nídh or ní., a thing; neithe, things.
gnó, business; gnótha, affairs.
Dia, God; déithe, gods.
caoi, a way; caoithe, ways.
daoi m., an ignorant person, plural daoithe.
saoi, a learned person, plural saoithe.
draoi m., druid, magician, plural draoithe.
dlaoi f., a lock of hair, plural dlaoithe.

§ 1231. Gé, a goose, plural géanna. The
historical form of this word is géadh, gen. sing. and nom.
plural geoidh. These forms are preserved in Scotland.

§ 1232. Cnú f., a nut, plural cnótha.
The various forms of this word are very uncertain.

§ 1233.

lacha, a duck; lachain, ducks.
cú, a hound; cuin, or cona, hounds.
fiche, twenty; fichid, twenties,
caora, a sheep; caoirigh, sheep.
breitheamh, a judge; comhursa, a neighbour; comhursain,
neighbours.

(b) Ending in a:-
cú, see above.
mí, a month; míosa, months.
cuisle, a vein; cuisleanna, veins.
teanga, a tongue; teangtha, tongues.
cathaoir, a chair; cathaoireacha, chairs.
cathair, a city; cathracha, cities.
eisir, an oyster; eisreacha, oysters.

(c) Ending in e:-
gabha, a smith; gaibhne, smiths.
abha, a river; aibhne, rivers.
cara, a friend; cáirde, friends.
námha, an enemy; náimhde, enemies.
teine, a fire; teinte, fires.
slighe, a way; slighthe, ways.
coill, a wood; coillte, woods.
móin, turf; mointe, bogs.

§ 1234.
teangthacha for
teanga, teinteacha for teinte, aibhneacha for aibhne, etc.

§ 1235. The plurals of athair, máthair, dearbhráthair
and deirbhshiúr now in use are aithreacha,
máithreacha, dearbhráithreacha
and deirbhshiúracha,
sisters.

GENITIVE OF ADJECTIVES.
§ 1236
an bhean mhór, the big
woman; na mná móire, of the big
woman; laoidh na mná móire tháinig tar
lear, the lay of the big woman who came
over sea.

§ 1238.
An cath mór, the great battle; genitive lá an chatha móir
the day of the great battle; an t-eun óg, the young
bird; clúmh, an éin óig, the young bird's
plumage.

§ 1239.
An chos dubh, the black foot, fear na coise duibhe
the man of the black foot.
an sgian gheur, the sharp knife; cos na sgine géire
the handle of the sharp knife.

§ 1240.
Cuan an Fhir Mhóir,
(the) Great Man's Bay, name of a bay
in Connemara, diallaid an chapaill bháin,
the white horse's saddle.

§ 1243.
tonn, f., a wave. Genitive
tuinne, plural tonna.
bruach m., brink. Genitive bruaich.

EXERCISE CLXVI.
GENITIVE OF ADJECTIVES CONTINUED.

§ 1245.
lom, bare. Genitive masculine - luim. Genitive Feminine - luime.
gorm, blue. Genitive masculine - guirm. Genitive Feminine - guirme.
donn, brown. Genitive masculine - duinn. Genitive Feminine - duinne.
trom, heavy. Genitive masculine - truim. Genitive Feminine - truime.
borb, rude. Genitive masculine - buirb. Genitive Feminine - buirbe.
bog, soft. Genitive masculine - buig. Genitive Feminine - buige.
cro, bent. Genitive masculine - cruim. Genitive Feminine - cruime.
geal, bright, white. Genitive masculine - gil. Genitive Feminine - gile.
beag, small. Genitive masculine - big. Genitive Feminine - bige.
ceart, right. Genitive masculine - cirt. Genitive Feminine - cirte.
mear, active. Genitive masculine - mir. Genitive Feminine - mire.
searbh, bitter. Genitive masculine - seirbh. Genitive Feminine - seirbhe.

deas, pretty. Genitive masculine - deis. Genitive Feminine - deise.
dearg, red. Genitive masculine - deirg. Genitive Feminine - deirge.
seang, lean. Genitive masculine - seing. Genitive Feminine - seinge.
Eireannach. Genitive masculine - Eireannaigh. Genitive Feminine - Eireannaighe.
Albanach. Genitive masculine - Albanaigh. Genitive Feminine - Albanaighe.
Sagsanach. Genitive masculine - Sagsanaigh. Genitive Feminine - Sagsanaighe.
Lochlannach. Genitive masculine - Lochlannaigh. Genitive Feminine - Lochlannaighe.
díreach, straight. Genitive masculine - dírigh. Genitive Feminine - dírighe.
uaigneach, lonely. Genitive masculine uaignigh. Genitive Feminine - uaignighe.
geur, sharp. Genitive masculine - géir. Genitive Feminine - géire.
fionn, fair. Genitive masculine - finn. Genitive Feminine - finne.
fial, generous. Genitive masculine - féil. Genitive Feminine - féile.
fluich, wet. Genitive masculine - flich. Genitive Feminine - fliche.

FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES.

§ 1246.

fearg, anger; feargach, angry.
seasamh, standing; seasmhach, steadfast.
dícheall, endeavour; dícheallach, energetic.
fuil, blood; fuilteach, bloody.
gnó, business; gnóthach, busy; droch-ghnóthach,
ill-employed.
clú, fame; clúiteach, famous.
áthas, gladness; áthasach, glad.
lúthgháireach, bródach, rímeudach, glad, joyful.
feur, grass; feurach, grassy.
doilghíos, grief; doilgheasach, mournful.
congnamh, help; congantach, helpful.
saothar, exertion; saothrach, industrious.
breug, a lie; greugach, lying, false.
carraig, a rock; cairrgeach, rocky.
brón, sorrow; brónach, sorrowful.
cleas, a trick; cleasach, tricky.
lúb, a twist; lúbach, deceitful.
tuirse, weariness; tuirseach, weary, sad.
doicheall, a grudge; doicheallach, inhospitable.
saoghal, life; saoghlach, long-lived.
buaidh, success; buadhach, victorious.
saith, one's fill; sáthach, satiated.

§ 1247.
an ghruag, f., the hair of the head; genitive,
na gruaige.
sleamhain, slippery.
táirseach, m., a threshold; genitive, táir-
sigh.

deas, pretty, also means right (hand, foot, side, etc.)
clé, left (hand, etc.).
craobh; Connacht, f., a branch; genitive,
craoibhe; plural, craobha.
craobhach, branchy.

§ 1248. Art na
gruaige finne. Ceann mór na céille bige.
Is sleamhain táirseach an tighe móir. Fál
timcheall na páirce luime. Briathra mná
buirbe. Abhrán na fuiseoige bige deirge.
Bhí sé ag síneadh a láimhe deise chugam.
Tá neart adhmaid bhuig agat annso. Bó
na hadhairce cruime. Tháinig Brian i
n-aghaidh an tsluaigh Lochlannaigh. B' í
Nóra críonna cailín na súile guirme, agus
b' í Lesbia cailín na súile duibhe géire.

§ 1252.
creidfead, I shall or will believe.
creidfir, you shall or will believe.
creidfidh, [he, she, it] shall or will
believe.
creidfimid, we shall or will
believe.
creidfithí, ye shall or will believe.
creidfid, they shall or will believe.

§ 1253.
molfad, I shall or will praise.
molfair, you shall or will praise.
molfaidh, [he, she, it] shall or will
praise.
molfamuid, we shall or
will praise.
molfaithí, ye shall or will praise.
molfaid, they shall or will praise.

§ 1256. The third person singular of the future can be
used with any personal pronoun.

Instead of creidfead, molfad, we can say creidfidh mé, molfaidh mé.
Instead of creidfir, molfair, we can say creidfidh tú, molfaidh tú.
Instead of creidfimid, molfamaid, we can say creidfidh sinn, molfaidh sinn.
Instead of creidfid, molfaid, we can say creidfidh siad, molfaidh siad.

§ 1257.

Like creidfead, form the future of bris,
brúigh, dóigh, mill, caoin, léigh, buail, caith, síl, sín,
feic, tuig, bain, cuir, rith, coisrig, druid, tuit, seinn,
guidh, suidh, luigh, leig, léim, mair, give meanings.

§ 1258. Like molfad, form the future of déan, dún,
crom, glac, sgríobh, fág, tóg, feuch, fan, díol, ól,
fás, meas, stad, seas. Give meanings.

§ 1259. Vocabulary.
leonaim, I desolate (a poetic word).
ar ais, back, as in "come back."
an claidhe, m., the fence (of earth or stone); geni-
tive same; plural, claidhthe.
le h-ais, beside, by the side of, followed by noun
in the genitive.
meas, esteem; dí-mheas, m., disesteem; geni-
tives, measa, dí-mheasa.
i n-áirde, up; tóg i n-áirde, raise up.

§ 1260. Translate:
"Ní chreidfead go deo ó aon a bheidheas
beo 'beir (-beidhir) bocht nó go leonfaidh
an bás thu.'"