THE ELEMENTS OF EUCLID.

Translation into Irish commenced by
John O'Donovan.

III.

30.
I measg na bhfioghairí ceathar-thaobhach,
cearn is ainm di sin ag a bhfuil a taobha
uile coimhionann agus a cúinní uile dron-
uilleannach.

[Cearn, a square.]

31.
Cearnfhada .i. é sin ag a bhfuil a chúinní
uile dron-uilleannach, achd nach bhfuil a
thaobha uile comh-fhada.

[Cearn-fhada, rectangle.]

32.
Cam-chearn is ainm do'n fhioghair ag a
bhfuil a taobha uile comh-fhada achd nach
bhfuil a cúinní dron-uilleannach.

Cam-chearn, rhombus. The word ceathar-thaobhaigh is
to be understood after fioghair. Note that O'D. does not
write caim-chearn as some writers would have done. To
apply the rule caol le caol where the voice does not
apply it, is to justify the worst that can be said about
Gaelic orthography.]

33.
Cam-chearnfhada .i. fioghair ag a bhfuiil na
taobha atá os comhair a chéile comhfhada, acht
ní'l a taobha uile comhfhada, ná a cúinní
dron-uilleannach.

[Cam-chearnfhada, rhomboid.]

34.
Gairthear …

35.
Dron-línte comh-riarmhara, umorro, .i.
línte atá 'san mion-dromchladh céadna,
noch, dá dtarraingfidhe iad go do-chríoch-
nuighthe, nach dteagmhóchadh le a chéile go
bráth.

[Comh-riarmhar, parallel.]

1. Deónuighthear gur féidir dron-líne do
tharraing ó aon phonc go aroile.

[Deónuighim, I concede, grant. Deónughadh, a con-
cession. Instead of aroile, a chéile is now used.]

2. Gur féidir dron-líne chríochnuighthe do
tharraing chum aon fhaid 'na líne dhírigh.

3. Agus gur féidir ciorcal do thiom-
tharraing ó aon lár le haon fhad ó'n lár
sin.

[Tiom or tim
(do + im), a prefix meaning "round," as in timcheall,
tiomchuairt or timthriall, a circuit, tiomchaint, circum-
locution. Lár is hardly applicable to a point, it rather
means a central space. The term ceart-lár, already
used, is better. Perhaps ponc láir would be better still.]

Soiléirsí.

1. Neithe comhaontuigheas leis an nídh
céadna comhaontuighid le n-a chéile.

[Soiléirse, a thing that is evident (soiléir), an axiom.
Comhaontughadh means rather to agree than to be equal.
Coimhionann has already been used in the sense of
"equal."]

2. Má chuirthear meithe ionanna chum
neithe ionann, beidh an t-iomlán ionann.

[Má cuirthear
dhá ionann i gceann dá ionann leith ar leith, is ionann
an dá iomlán. "If two equals are added to two equals
respectively, the two wholes are equal." Ionann here
used instead of coimhionann, equal.]

3. Má bhaintear neithe ionanna ó neithibh
ionanna, beidh an iarmairt ionann.

[Iarmairt, remainder.
Má baintear dha ionann ó dhá ionann, leith ar leith, is
ionann an dá iarmairt.]

4. Má chuirthear neithe ionanna le neithibh
neamh-ionanna, beidh an t-iomlán neamh-
ionann.

5. Na neithe atá dúbail an neith chéadna,
táid coimhionann le n-a chéile.

[He is called Conn = goir-
thear Conn de. He became a priest, rinneadh sagart
de. He turned Turk, d'iompuigh se 'n-a Thurcach.

"Do mhair sí
'n-a hóigh, agus fuair sí bás 'n-a sean-fhear."

Dúbail then is used adverbially, to indicate amount or
extent. Tá an tSion-
ainn míle ar leithead 'san áit sin, the Shannon is a
mile broad at theat place; bhí sé lá agus oidhche ó'n mbaile,
he was from home (for) a day and a night. But tá sé
n-a lá, it is day (i.e., daylight).

6. Na neithe noch is leath an neith chéadna,
táid coimhionann.

7. Na neith chomhaontuigheas le n-a chéile
.i. a líonas go beachd an spás céadna, is
ionann iad.

[Comhaontuigh now in the sense of "coincide." Go
beacht, exactly.]
8. Tá an t-iomlán níos mó 'ná páirt de.

9. Ní féidir do dhá líne dhíreacha spás do
thimchealladh.

[Learners often use is féidir le with is féidir do.
Ní féidir leis teachd a bhaile, he feels it impossible to
come home. Ní féidir do teacht a bhaile, it is (physi-
cally) impossible for him to come home.]

10. Tá gach uile dhron-uille chomh mór le
n-a chéile.

[Is ionann leithead do gach uile dhron-uillinn.]

11. Má thárluigheann líne dhíreach le dhá
líne dhíreacha eile, is-an chuma go ndéan-
faidh sí an dá choinne inmheadhónacha, atá ar

an taoibh chéadna dhi i bhfochair a chéile, níos
lugha 'ná dhá dhron-uillinn,— má tharraing-
thear na línte díreacha so ar a n-aghaidh,
teagmhóchaid fá dheóidh le n-a chéile ar an
taoibh sin i n-a bhfuil na coinní atá níos
lugha 'ná dron-uille.

Dar liom, ní soiléirse so.
Mac Léighinn.