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L. 204

AFFIRMATIVE.

Singular

1. Tá mé, I am.
2. Ta tú, thou art.
3. Tá sé, he is.

Plural.

1. Tá sinn, we are.
2. Tá sibh, ye are.
3. Tá siad, they are.

NEGATIVE.

Singular.

1. Ní'l mé, I am not.
2. Ní'l tú, thou art not.
3. Ní'l sé, he is not.

Plural.

1. Ní'l sinn, we are not.
2. Ní'l sibh, ye are not.
3. Ní'l siad, they are not.

AFFIRMATIVE.

Singular.

1. Táim, I am.
2. Táir, thou art.
3. Tá sé, he is.

Plural.

1. Tamaoid, we are.
2. Táthaoi, ye are.
3. Táid, they are.

NEGATIVE.

Singular.

1. Ní'lim, I am not.
2. Ní'lír, thou art not.
3. Ní'l sé, he is not.

Plural.

1. Ní'lmid, we are not.
2. Ní'ltí, ye are not.
3. Ní'lid, they are.

Singular.

Nom. Bád, a boat.
Gen. Báid, of a boat.
Dat. Le bád, with a boat.
Voc. A bháid, o boat.

Nom. árdán.
Gen. ardáín.
Dat. Le h-árdán.
Voc. A ardáin.

Plural

Nom. Báid, boats.
Gen. Bád, of boats.
Dat. Le bádaibh, with boats.
Voc. A bháda, o boats.

Nom. árdáin.
Gen. árdán.
Dat. Le h-árdánaibh.
Voc. A árdána.

VOCABULARY.

Agus, conj, and.
Ag, aig, prep., at.
Air, ar, prep., on.
An, the article the; plur. na.
Arán, s.m. gen. aráin; plur. id., bread.
Ardán, s.m.g. - áin, pl. id., a hillock.
Ba, s.f., nom. pl. of bó, a cow.
Bróg, s.f.g., bróige; pl. broga, a shoe.
Capall, s.m. -aill, pl. id., a horse.
Clúda, s.m.g. id., pl. clúdaidhe, covering, especially
bedclothes.
Cnoc, s.m.g., cnoic, pl. id., a hill.
Crann, s.m. crainn, pl. id., a tree.
Im, s.m.g. ime, butter: in Connaught this is pro-
nounced im, as English i in tin; in West Munster,
eem; and in Waterford, ime, as i in time.
Leaba, s.f.g. leabtha; pl. leapthacha, or leapacha, a
bed; gen, is also leapann; dat. leabainn.
Lom, adj., bare; com. luime; pl. loma.
Máire, s.f.g. Maire, Mary.
Mín, adj., smooth; comp, míne; pl. id.
Mór, adj., great; comp. mó; pl. mora.
Muc, s.f.g. muice; pl. muca, a pig.
Nóra, s.f.g. id., Norah, a woman's name.
Ocras, s.m. - g. ais, hunger.
ór, s.m.g. óir, gold.
Orm, prepositional pron., on me : Tá ocras orm, hunger
is on me. I am hungry.
Prás, s.m.g. práis, brass.
Stoca, s.m.g. id.; ol. stocaidhe, a stocking.
Tír, s.f.g. tíre; pl. tíortha, a country.
Tomás, s.m.g. Tomáis, Thomas.

EXERCISES.

(1.) Ta an tír mor, agus an cnoc árd,
mín, lom, gan crann, gan capall, gan bo,
gan muc, air. (2.) Atá arán agus im,
agus ór agus prás aig Tomás: ní'l bróg
ná stoca, leaba ná clúda ag Nóra. (3.)
Tá ocras orm. (4.) Ta tart orm. (5.)
Ta ba agus capaill, ór, agus im, agus arán
aig Máire.

ae, long as a in day. aer, the air.
ái, long as a in calf. sáil, a heel.
aí, long as oi in toil aimsir, time (in Munster only).
ai, short as a in fat. baile, a town.
ao, long as a in say. daor, dear (ee in connaught).
eá, long as a in war. feárr, better.
ea, short as a in dart. fear, a man.
éi, long as ei in reign. léim, a leap.
eí, long as i in file. greím, a bit (in Munster only).
ei, short as e in wet. geir, tallow.
eó, long as o in pole. ceól, music.
eo, short as o in worth. deoch, a drink.
eu, long as a in day. meur, a finger.
ia, long as ea in fear. ciall, sense.
ío, long as ee in see. fíon, wine.
io, short as i in king. fios, knowledge.
iú, long as ew in new. fíu, worth.
iu, short as u in put. fliuch, wet.
ói, long as o in more. cóir, just.
oí, long as uee in queen. croídhe, a heart.
oi, short as i in whip. coir, a fault.
ua, long as oe in doer. gual, coal.
úi, long as u in rule. súil, an eye.
uí, long as uee in queen. buídhe, yellow.
ui, short as ui in quill. fuil, blood.

ASSERTIVE PRESENT TENSE.

Singular.

1. Is mé, it is I.
2. Is tu, it is thou.
3. Is é, it is he.

Plural.

1. Is sinn, it is we.
2. Is sibh, it is ye.
3. Is iad, it is they.

VOCABULARY.

Aca, at or with them; 3rd pl. of agam, a prep. pron.
[ag, at, and mé, I], with me; when this prep. is
compounded with the pl. pronouns inn, ibh, iad; the
compound has a gen. pl. force: againn, agaibh,
acu, of us, of you, of them.

Aige, with him; 3rd. pl. of agam [atá aige, he has];
aige, as a simple preposition, is used for aig in
Waterford.

Aniú, adv. of time, to-day.

An, interrogative particle, not translated, whether.

Arbhar, s.m. -air, corn; an t-arbhar, the corn.

Asal, s.m. -ail, g. id., an ass; an t-asal, the ass.

Bán adj., white; gen. and compar., báine; pl. bána.

Báine (see above).

Bainne, s.m.g. id., milk.

Bó, s.f.g.id.; dat. buin; nom. pl. ba; g. pl. bó; dat.
pl. buaibh, a cow.

Breug, s.f. -eige; pl. -ga. a lie.

Cia, inter. pron., who, which, what; and in Connaught,
where, how, as cia mheid bo agat, how many cows
have you? Cia raibh tú, where were you?

Cuma, adj. ind., equal, indifferent: is cuma leis, it is
equal with him, i.e., he does not care which.

Duine, s.m.g. id. pl. daoine, a man; pl. people.

Díol, inf. id. v.a., sell, pay; díolta, p.p., sold, paid.

Deir, 3rd. sing past tense of v.a., abair, say.

Dungarbhan, s.m. -áin, Dungarvan, the name of a
place; Garvan's fort.

é pers. pro., he, used instead of sé, with is; is duine e
sin, he is a person.

Fear, s.m.g. fir; pl. id., a man, a husband; the dat.
pl., fearaibh, is fully pronounced.

Feur, g. feir, hay, grass.

Firinne, g.id., truth.

Firinneach, adj. com. -nnighe; pl. -nneacha, true.

Gual, c.m.g. guail, coal.

Le, prep., with, at; the prep. prons, derived from it are,
liom, with me; leat, with thee; leis, with him;
léithe, with her; linn, with us; libh, with you;
leó, with them.

Meuracán, s.m.g. -áin, a thimble; fear na meura-
can, the man of the thimbles, the thimble-rigger.

Moin, s.f.g. Móna, turf, a bog.

Muiris, s.m.g. mhuiris, Maurice, a man's name.

EXERCISE.

1. An leat-sa na ba úd? 2. Is liom-sa
na ba; is le Tomas an bainne, agus is le

Máire na capaill, na h-asail, na muca,
agus an t-arbhar. 3. An léithe an feur so?
4. Ní lé: tá sé díolta le Muiris. 5.
Atá sí aig díol na bó báine aniú aig
Portláirge. 6. Is aig Dungarbhán na sean-
bhád atá sí, má's fírinneach fear na méara-
cán. 7. Ní fírinneach: duine é sin ar
cuma leis cia aca fírinne no breug a deir
sé. 8. An móin ata 'san teine aig Pád-
ruig? 9. Ní móin na gual ata 'san teine
aige aniú.

aoi, as ee in keep. caoin, kind.
eoi, as yeo in yeoman. feoil, flesh.
iai, as ie in pierce. fiaidh, of a deer.
iui, as u in cube. ciuin, silent.
uai, as oo and i short. buail, strike.

bh broad, w or v. as mo bhó, my cow; a bhlaodh, his
shout.
bh slender, v. as do bheul, thy mouth.
ch broad (gh in lough). as a chos, his foot.
ch slender. as chídhim, I see.
dh broad (y brd. agus guttrl.). as do dhorus, thy door.
dh slender, y. as a Dia, O God.
fh broad and slender, is silent.

gh broad, as dh broad. as mo ghort, my field.
gh slender, as dh slender. as a ghleus, his instrument.
mh broad, nasal w. as mo máthair, my mother.
mh slender, v. as mo mheas, my opinion.
ph broad and slender, f. as a phian, his pain.
sh broad, h. as mo shál, my heel.
sh slender, h or ch. as do shíoda, your silk; a Sea-
ghain, O John.
th broad, h. as a athair, his father.
th slender, h. as mo thí, my country.

m eclipses b. as ar m-bád, our boat.
b eclipses p, as ar b-pian, our pain.
bh eclispes f, as ar bh-foclóir, our dictionary.
n eclipses d, as bhur n-damh, your ox.
d eclipses t, as a d-teach, their house.
t eclipses s, as an t-slat, the rod.
g eclipses c, as ar g-ceart, our right.
n unites with g, as ar ngort, our field.

Ní lia tír 'na gnás.
Is searbh an fhírinne, is milis an bhreug
air uairibh.