0LUIBHLEABHRÁN

IRISH AND SCOTTISH GAELIC NAMES
3of
4HERBS, PLANTS, TREES, Etc.

by
7F. EDMUND HOGAN, S.J.,
8F.R.U.I., D. Litt.

JOHN HOGAN, B.A.
11JOHN C. MACERLEAN, S.J.

Dochum Glóire Dé agus Onóra na hÉireann.

DUBLIN:

H.M. GILL AND SON, O'CONNELL STREET
18DAVID NUTT, 57-59, LONGACRE, LONDON.
19OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH.

1900.

<All rights reserved>
24

Printed at the
26Dublin University Press
27by Ponsonby and Weldrick.
28

TO
30GEORGE NOBLE, COUNT PLUNKETT,
31My former dálta,
32My friend and fellow-labourer
33in the field of
34Irish History, Literature, Language and Antiquities,
35I dedicate this
36LUIBHREABHRÁN.

EDMUND HOGAN, S.J.

University College, Dublin,
41April, 1900
42

Feuchaidh ar lilibh an mhachaire cionnus fhásaid, ní
44dheunaid siad saothar agus ní shníomhaid siad; gidheadh
45adeirim libh nach raibh Solomón féin 'na uile ghlóir ar
46n-a eadughadh mar aon díobh-so. Agus má eudaigheann
47Dia mar sin luibh an mhachaire, atá a ndiu ann agus
48amárach ar n-a teilgean 'san uamhain, an é nach mó
49ná sin sibhse, a dhaoine beigchreidmheacha?

Dobhair sé ar an bhfeur fás don áirnéis agus an luibh
52chum maitheasa an duine, chum beathadh do thabhairt
53amach as an dtalmhain, agus fíon gháirdigheas croidhe
54an duine, agus ola dobheir ar aghaidh deallrughadh, agus
55arán neartuigheas croidhe an duine. Atáid croinn an
56Tighearna lán do shúbh. Dobheura crann an mhachaire a
57thoradh agus dobheura an talamh a biseach.

Ó a uile neithe glasa ar an talmhain, beannuighidh an
60Tighearna! molaidh é agus móraighidh é go síordhuidhe!
61

PREFACE.

CALEB THRELKELD, of Cumberland, was the first
65to publish the Irish-Gaelic names of plants; John
66Cameron, of Sunderland, published 1230 Scottish and
67Irish names. In 1898 two or three Irish writers
68published the smallest collection, viz., eighty names, in
69the biggest book on Irish Botany. Is not this another
70proof that the Irish are a Gens incuriosa suorum?

Feeling humbled at this incuria, and being en-
73couraged by a patriotic friend who offered to defray
74the expenses of printing, I resolved to publish my
75collection which contained about four thousand Irish
76and Scottish names of plants, as well as Irish words
77immediately connected with their culture and uses.
78But being otherwise much occupied, I could not have
79published the book so soon, or so well, if I had not
80been helped by the two competent scholars whose
81names are linked with mine on the title-page.

As many of the words are Highland-Gaelic, they
84are printed as the Scots write them; others, from
85Threlkeld, K'Eogh, Wade, Hart, the Béarlagair na Saer,
86and Lord Walter Fitz Gerald, are printed phonetically
87as I found them, but in most, if not in all, cases, the
88correct Irish spelling has been suggested: for example,

"Dohough dugh," of which I give the true form,
90dathabha dubh. Such phonetic forms are generally marked
91with inverted commas.

Some words immediately connected with agriculture,
94horticulture, wood, corn, etc., were inserted before the
95plant-names increased and multiplied in my manuscript,
96and they were left there as they might interest students
97of Irish. To keep down the bulk and price of this
98handbook I resisted the following temptations to show,
99as I went along:- 1°. How certain words, in number
100about 150, enter into the topographical nomenclature
101of Ireland and Scotland; 2°. How several, perhaps 150,
102appear as personal names, such as Eithne (kernel of a
103nut), Míliuch (germander), Conaire (purple-spiked loose-
104strife), Conán (quaking grass); 3°. How personal names
105form part of plant-names, such as Mitire, Brígit, Pátraic,
106Columb-cille, Cú-chulainn; 4°. How several plants are
107connected with the fancies of Irish and Scottish folklore.
108The first part has been discussed in two very inter-
109esting chapters of Dr. Joyce's "Irish Names of Places."
110Further treatment of that, and of the other matters, I
111leave to other times or other hands.

In conclusion, I beg to tender my thanks to the
114Rev. Maxwell H. Close, for the use of O'Curry's manu-
115script; to Messrs. Blackwood and Son, for the permis-
116sion to quote largely from Cameron; to Lord Walter
117Fitz Gerald, for his collection of plant-names; and to
118Mr. John MacNeill and Count Plunkett, for directing
119my attention to two important sources.

EDMUND HOGAN.
122

SOURCES.

1. The Saint Gall Glosses, written in about the eighth
126century, contain many Irish names of plants with their Latin
127equivalents: edited by Ascoli.

2. Two MSS. of the fourteenth or fifteenth century, found
130in the British Museum, and Trinity College, Dublin, and edited
131by Dr. Whitley Stokes, in vol. ix., pp. 225 et seq., of the Revue
132Celtique, give about 120 Irish names with Latin equivalents.

3. Dr. Whitley Stokes' various tracts give many Irish words
135with their Latin or English equivalents. Among these I may
136mention:- 1°. Old-Irish Glosses on the Bucolics, from two tenth-
137century Codices. 2°. A Mediæval Tract on Latin Declension.
1383°. On the Metrical Glossaries of the Mediaeval Irish. 4°. Cormac's
139Glossary. 5°. On the Bodleian Fragment of Cormac's Glossary,
1406°. "O'Mulconry's" Glossary, of the thirteenth or fourteenth
141century, in "Archiv für Keltische Lexicographie," vol. i., p. 233.

4. A medical MS., "Materia Medica," of the fourteenth or
144fifteenth century, gives 156 names, with Latin equivalents. It
145is in the Royal Irish Academy's Library, marked 23/K.42.

5. A manuscript, which in 1726 was in the possession of
148Dr. Caleb Threlkeld, 1 and seemed to him to have been written
149before the war of 1641, contained about 407 Irish (and Latin
150or English) names of trees, shrubs, plants, herbs, and flowers,
151distinguishing the Ulster, Leinster, Connacht, Munster names,
152and even those of counties, such as Wicklow, Carlow, Kildare,
153Leix, etc. The author's name, says Threlkeld, was probably
154Heaton, the name of an Irish divine quoted in the botanical
155works of How and Merrett.

On July 8th, 1726, from his house in Mark's-alley, Francis-
158street, Dublin, Caleb Threlkeld issued his "Short Treatise of
159Native Plants, with their Latin, English, and Irish Names; and

an Abridgment of their Vertues… the first Essay of this
161kind in the Kingdom of Ireland. Dublin: Printed by Powell for
162Davys of Ross-lane, Norris, at the corner of Crane-lane, and
163Worrall, opposite to the Swan-tavern on the Blind-key, 1727."

Threlkeld, born in Cumberland, became a dissenting minister,
166and in 1712 an M.D. "Having a straight income and a large
167family, he removed to Dublin" (as many Englishmen so circum-
168stanced did before and after him), and "settled there in the united
169character of Divine and Physician." He died in 1728, and was
170buried "in the new burial ground belonging to St. Patrick's."

His 407 Irish names were copied from a manuscript, which,
173he says, "bears great authority with me. I could not find
174any living persons could come near this MS., either for number
175or exactness of names among all those I conversed with viva
176voce… During the summer months I used to perambulate
177in company of ingenious men, to have ocular demonstration
178of the plants themselves in their native soil, where Nature
179regaled our senses with her gaiety and garnishes, which makes
180some resemblance of the paradisaical state… Now,
181readers, as I have intended to improve according to my station
182and capacity, so I would stir you up to contribute your quota,
183that we may wipe off that ugly characteristic which Pomponius
184Mela has fixed upon the Irish inhabitants, Cultores ejus in-
185conditos esse. Let the polite world know that Arts and Sciences
186flourish here and are encouraged, as much as in any other parts
187of Europe."

Alas poor Threlkeld! He got even less encouragement than
190those who write about things Irish from Irishmen of the present
191day. His subscribers numbered ninety-nine, and of these forty-
192three were "of Galway." What connexion had he with those
193Galway Papists, five Ffrenches, and seven Lynches, etc.?

He thinks "the reason why this branch of learning has been
196dormant in Ireland, and no public advances made towards its
197illustration are: that the wars and commotions have laid an
198imbargo upon the pens of the learned, or discord among the
199petty subaltern princes has rendered perambulation perilous, lest
200they should be treated as spies, as I was myself once."

6. In 1735 there was "Printed and sold by Harrison, at the
203corner of Meeting-house Lane, Cork, A General Irish Herbal
204…an account of the Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees naturally

produced in Ireland, in English, Irish, and Latin, with a true
206description of them and their medicinal virtues, by John K'Eogh,
207A.B., Chaplain to Lord Kingston."

It is dedicated to MacDonnell, Earl of Antrim, to whom
210he says:- "Since your Lordship is descended from Ancient
211Gathelian Monarchs, I hope you will encourage any under-
212taking which tends to the benefit of Old OGYGIA, especially
213that of our native Vegetables (sic)… This undertaking was
214never attempted before, that I could hear of. I only break the
215ice before others of more exalted genius." A comparison of
216the two books shows me that K'Eogh had Threlkeld's book,
217or at least the Irish MS. copied by that writer, or some such
218manuscript. But he has about 547 Irish names, or 140 more
219than the other. Besides for "the benefit of mankind," he
220shows what herbs are: Anastomatic, leptyntic, riptic, stegnotic,
221pycknotic, emphratic, metasynritic, escharotic, emmenagogic, etc.

He gives the names phonetically, to help botanists, to whom
224he says: "You will gain great advantage by having the name
225of the herb in Irish, for in case you did not know it or where you
226might find it, only repeat the name in Irish to one of your little
227botanists, and he will fetch it to you presently."

K'Eogh got more encouragement than the Dublin English
230doctor. He had 370 subscribers, and among these were:
231MacCarthy Mór, the Archbishop of Cashel, 1 bishop, 7 earls,
2326 viscounts, 8 barons, 7 baronets, 3 knights, 10 ladies of rank,
233and 4 Sons of noblemen; 108 esquires, 1 gent, 6 colonels, 4 captains,
2343 lieutenants, 1 cornet; 9 doctors of medicine, 23 clergymen,
2356 counsellors-at-law, and 2 attorneys; and 162 of the old Irish
236or old Anglo-Irish race.

7. In 1780, Lightfoot's "Flora Scotica" contains 156 Gaelic
239names, "which, with few exceptions" (says Cameron), "cor-
240respond with those published in Ireland; and the same is true
241of Alexander McDonald's list published in his vocabulary edited
242in 1741." 1

8. In 1785, Peter O'Connell wrote 250 names with English
245equivalents in a MS. marked 23/L.21 in the Royal Irish Academy,
246pp. 41-51.

9. In 1794, Dr. Wade, of Dublin, in his Latin catalogue of

plants in the Co. Dublin, gives 440 Irish names. Among his
250authorities he does not quote Threlkeld or K'Eogh! He says he
251collected the Irish names with all possible diligence, but whether
252from books, manuscripts, or the mouths of the people he does
253not tell. He says he saw all those plants himself in the County
254Dublin, and as Gaelic was spoken in his time at Bohernabreena
255and on the slopes of the Dublin mountains, Wade may have
256got the Irish names from the people of that most romantic
257region. Mr. Kevin Doyle, of Bohernabreena, or near it, told me
258that his father was punished for speaking Irish on his way to or
259from school! Each boy had a tell-tale bit of stick tied round his
260neck; each infraction of the anti-Gaelic law was notched on the
261stick, then marked on the boy's hands or back by the master and
262the parents!

10. In 1840, O'Curry, in an "Alphabetical List of Names of
265Irish Herbs," gives about 1335 English names with their Irish
266equivalents; the first Irish word being geanmohrann, and the
267last drúichtín móna. I beg to thank the Rev. Maxwell H. Close
268for the use of this MS.

O'Curry's authorities are a Medical Tract, Threlkeld, K'Eogh,
271O'Reilly, whom we had consulted, and Casey and Crabbe whom
272we had not seen. As O'Curry gives the English words first, and
273in alphabetical order, we were able to collate our English-Irish
274vocabulary with it. In our Irish-English part we have constantly
275appended O'Curry's name after words which had already been in
276our collection, and inserted many that we had not. Few, if any,
277of O'Curry's words are omitted in the body of our book, or in the
278Appendices.

11. In 1883, John Cameron, of Sunderland, published "Gaelic
281Names of Plants," issued by W. Blackwood and Son. He is
282since dead, and his work, as I have ascertained from the pub-
283lishers, is no longer on sale. Cameron, "for scientific and
284philological reasons, made an attempt to collect such names
285as are still used in the spoken Gaelic of Scotland and Ireland
286before it became too late by the gradual disappearance of the
287language." He spent nearly ten years in searching vocabu-
288laries, reading Irish and Scotch Gaelic, and in making numerous
289journeys among the Gaelic-speaking populations. He says:-
290"No collection would be of any value unless the Irish names
291were incorporated; it is certain that (Gaelic Botany) in vetusta

Hibernica fundamentum habet." So Cameron gives all the
293Irish and Scottish names he could find, that is, about 1230. The
294work is marred by the wildest and most absurd attempts at
295derivation, in which, he says, the late "Canon Bourke gave
296most valuable assistance." Again, it is not in alphabetical
297order. Ru is the first word, and griobhasgaich is the last.

12. O'Reillv, O'Begley, Coneys, Connellan, Foley, and
300Armstrong contain very many names of plants, though they
301do not give the sources whence they got them — all these dic-
302tionaries have been fully utilised.

13. Mr. Hart and Mr. Ferguson have given phonetically the
305Ulster names of plants; these names are in Mr. R. Chichester
306Hart's "Flora" of the Co. Donegal.

15. Forty-one plant-names gathered by Lord Walter Fitz-
309Gerald from the people in Kildare, Wexford, Galway, and Mayo.

16. A paper on Béarlagair na Saer, the dialect of the trades-
312men of Munster. This was published by me in Number 98 of
313the Gaelic Journal; it consists of sentences and words which
314I learned from William Hyde, of Ballycotton, Co. Cork.

17. Dr. Joyce's "Irish Names of Places" has two very
317interesting chapters, in which are discussed 110 Irish plant-
318names that enter largely into the topographical nomenclature
319of Ireland.

18. Various volumes of the Gaelic Journal.

19. Three Irish Medical Glossaries, edited by Dr. Wh. Stokes,
324in "Archiv für Celtische Lexicographie," Band I., pp. 325-347.
325These Glossaries are: 1°. In Trinity College, H. 3. 15. p. 47;
3262°. H. 3. 15. p. 49 — it is a sixteenth-century volume; 3°. Lord
327Crawford's Irish "Medical MS.", fo. 117 a 1.

20. Peter O'Neachtain's "List of Irish, Latin, and English
330Names of Plants," in an Irish MS. marked 20 of the King's Inns'
331Library, written circ. 1732.

21. Sources which I had not time to draw on:- In Trinity
334College (H. 2. 17. pp. 279-317; H. 3. 4. p. 61; H. 3. 7. p. 133;
335H.3. 15. p.21, et seq.). In the Royal Irish Academy (23/O.6, pp. 19-31,
336p. 34; 23/I,21). In the British Museum (Add. 15. 403: Egerton, 119).
337These are mentioned by M. Gaidoz, in Revue Celtiqiue, vol. vii.,
338p. 162, in a paper in which he expresses an ardent desire to see a
339Gaelic Flora published.
340

1 Threlkeld's Synopsis stirpium Hibenicarum: Preface.
342

1 Cameron's Gaelic Names of Plants: Preface, viii.
344

ABREVIATED REFERENCES.

A., refers to Armstrong's "Gaelic Dictionary."

B., refers to Béarlagair na Saer.

C., refers to Cameron's "Gaelic Names of Plants"

Con., refers to Petre O'Connell's MS.

Coneys, refers to De Vere Coneys' "Dictionary."

Fitz Gerald, refers to Lord Walter Fitz Gerald's M.S. "Collection"

Foley, refers to Foley's "English-Irish Dictionary."

G.J., refers to "Gaelic Journal."

H., refers to R. Chichester Hart's "Flora" of the Co. Donegal.

K., refers to K'Eogh.

L., refers to Lightfoot's "Flora Scotica."

M., refers to "Materia Medica," of the R.I.Academy.

Man. & Cust. refers to O'Curry's "Manners and Customs of the Ancient
372Irish."

O'B., refers to O'Begley's "English-Irish Dictionary."

O'C., refers to O'Curry's "M.S. Enghish-Irish Botany."

O'R., refers to O'Reilly's "Dictionary."

St., refers to Dr. Whitley Stokes' various tracts.

T., refers to Threlkeld

W., refers to Wade's "Catalogue of Co. Dublin Plants."

NOTES ON THE USE OF THIS BOOK.

If you look out in the English-Irish part for "Forget-me-not," or
389other words, and do not find them, then look in an English Dictionary
390on Botany, and find another name by which it is known, and you can
391thus get the Irish equivalent. For instance, "Scorpion grass" is a
392"Forget-me-not."
393

IRISH AND SCOTTISH
395GAELIC NAMES OF PLANTS.

Abhall, fem., apple tree; an
398abhall, Joel, i. 12; "Canticle
399of Canticles", Old Cornish,
400"avallen".

Abhall, masc., apple.

Abhall caithne, fruit of the arbu-
405tus; pl. abhla caithne, in Kerry
406called "cain apples".

Abhall fiadhain, crab apple.

Abhall fhiadhain, crab tree.

Abhallghort, apple garden, orchard.

Abhcán, abcán, small colewort.

Abhlacán, crab tree.

Abhlann, fem., "altar bread",
419made of flour.

Abhrán donóg, duckmeat, W.

Abuigh, ripe; apaig, O.-I. of
424A.; abaid, W.

Ached, achadh, field; gl. cam-
427pulus.

Achlasan-Choluimchille, St.
430John's wort, L.

Adag, a sheaf (of corn).

Adann, a rushlight, C.'s Gl.

Adhann, M., adhan, adhainn, colts-
437foot, ahain, T. adhann sléibhe,
438mountain coltsfoot.

Adhmad, timber; adhmud cean-
441gailte dá chéile, a raft;
442adhmad giumhais, timber of fir,
443i Kings v.

Ae-abha, hepatica, M.; liverwort,
446ae-aband, St.; aedh na habhna,
447O'C.

Aedh na habhan, lungwort.

Aghaidh na habhna, brooklime, O'C.

Agáirg, agairg, a kind of mush-
454room.

Aibíd manaigh, friar's weed,
457O'C.

Aidhneán, aighneán, aighnéan, ivy;
460"eenaght ", H.

Aighneán talmhan, ground ivy.

Aileastar, iris or flagflower.

Ailill; síl n-Ailella, catapucia,
467M.; i.e. palma Christi, great
468spurge.

Ailistrín, alexanders, T.

Ailm, elm, T.

Ailmeóg, the elm; ailmeóg leamh,
475ailmeóg leamhan, W.

Aimsear an tsíolchuir agus
478an fóghmhar, the seed-time and
479the harvest, Gen. viii.

Ain, fem., O.-I., a rush, now
482aoin.

Aingealach, angelica, O'R.;
485aingealag, A.; recte gloir-
486eain.

Ainís, ainíse, caraway, anise.

Ainis fhiadhain, wild anise.

Ainios hura, garden anise,
493

Airbe, eirbe, erbe, a fence,
495Laws, III. 290.

Airc, a cork tree.

Airgeat luachra, M., air-
500gead luachar, meadow-sweet;
501"arrygologher," H.: this will
502be anglicised into Harry Gal-
503lagher, or Harry Lorequer, at
504the rate "anglicisation" is
505going on in Erin.

Airmeirigh, cleavers, K., W.

Airmeirig, goose-grass, O'R.

Airne, fem., a sloe; airnne, gl.
512glandula; airni draigin, gl.
513pruna; Welsh, "eirin-en".

Airneóg, a sloe, a sloe-tree, W.

Airneag, A.

Aisbeochan, ox-eye, great daisy;
520aisbeochán, T, "espibawn,"
521H.

Aiss, ais, acorns, mast.

Aith, a kiln for drying corn; al-
526lár n-áithae, the floor of the
527kiln, St.

Aitteann, aittean, aiteann,
530fem., gen. aitinne, but masc. or
531neuter in O.-I., dat. aittiun,
532gl. rusco: furze, whins, gorse;
533atchenagh, H.

Aithinn, coltsfoot, K.; ahain, T.

Aitiol, juniper; aiteal, L.

Allas Muire, W., St. John's
540wort; Allais Muire, T.

Allt, alt, a wooded glen.

Almóinne, almonds, "almont ", St.

Alóes, aloes.

Amharag, mustard, O'R.

Amaraich, scurvy grass (Scotch).

Amuinneóg, almond.

Anabuidh, unripe; caor anabuidh,
555unripe grape.

Ansgairt, a great thicket.

Anolarach, wild germander, W.

Aoibhil uisge, "flamma" M.

Aoileach, aoileach do chur fa
564chrann, to dung or put manure
565to a tree, Luke xiii.; gort do
566leasughadh le haoileach, to
567dung a field; léigh dhó no go
568gcuire mé aoileach faoi, let
569it alone till I dung it, Luke xiii.

Aoin, a rush.

Aon-chassach, serrated seaweed
574(when single in growth), C.

Aonscoth, swallow-wort, celan-
577dine.

Apuidh, abuidh, ripe; caora
580apuidhe, ripe grapes; an
581uair is abuidh an fás agus
582abuidheas an chaor shearbh
583annsan mbláth, when the bud
584is ripe and the sour grape
585ripens in the flower, Is. xviii.

Ar, tillage, damh frí ar, an ox
588for ploughing.

Arán, bread.

Arán glas, penny-royal, called
593"voragagh" (an bhoragach?)
594by Keough.

Aras, fairy thorn, H.

Arathar, a plough.

Arbha, corn; dias arbha, an
601ear of corn, Gen. lxi.; déasa
602glasa árbha, green ears of
603corn, Levit. ii.

Arbhar, corn (standing or un-
606threshed), = an t-arbhar 'na
607sheasamh, Exod. xxii.; arbhar m,
608urláir, the corn of my floor,
609Isaias xxi.; but amhail chor-
610ruighthear arbhar a gcriatar,
611as corn is sifted in a sieve,
612Amos, ix.

Arbhar indiach, maize, O'B.

Arbhar meilte, ground corn;
617arbhar buailte as déasuibh
618iomlána, corn beaten out of
619full ears, Levit. ii.
620

Arcan, cork.

Arg, a shock of corn.

Arlus, Hedera terrestris, Gill-
626creep-by-the ground, O'C.

Artha labháin, nose-smart, C.

Artlus, litchwale, lithospermon,
631O' C.

Asair, asara: bacca, A.

Asgairt, budding, sprouting.

Ascartach, coarse fibre separated
638from flax, tow.

Asnóg, a fan for winnowing corn,
641H.

Ass, growth; now fás.

Astal, a lath, a chip, a pole,
646splinter.

Atán, a garland (Acts of the
649Apostles, xiv.).

Atenn, furze, A.

In t-athabha dubh, or in tathabha
654dubh, black hellebore, St.

Athair liath, mountain sage; ahair
657liah, T.

Athair lus, Athair lusa, alehoof,
660ground ivy; ahair lussa, T. W.

Athair talmhan, aithir talmhan,
663M., yarrow, milfoil; ahair
664talhun, T.

Athan, coltsfoot, O'C., W., athain.

Athbhar, athbharr, an aftercrop;
669athbarra, O'R., F.

Athfhás, aftermath, F.

Bachar, lady's glove, beechmast.

Bacharán, bogbean; bagharan,
676buckbean, K.; boughram, H.

Bachull, a staff.

Bach-lubhraidh, grogblossoms.

Bád, a cluster, a tuft, a thicket.

Badán, a tuft (of trees).

Badan measgan, bog violet, C.

Baileóg, Bailleóg, a sprout, a
689sucker, a twig.

Baine muice, sowthistle, O'C,

Bainne bó bleachd, the cowslip;
694cf. old Cornish banne: gl. gutta,
695stilla.

Bainne bó bleachtáin, the prim-
698rose, the buttercup (a weed
699growing among potatoes, Aran).

Bainne bó buidhe, the cow-
702slip.

Bainne caoin, Irish spurge.

Bainne cíoch eun, henbane, hem-
707lock.

Bainne cíoch na n-eun, milk-
710wort.

Bainne gabhair, red rattle, louse-
713wood (Scotch).

Bainne gamhna, bainne gamh-
716nach, honeysuckle.

Bainne muice, smooth sowthistle,
719hare's lettuce; bainne muc,
720T. W.; devil's milk, O'C.

Bainne na cípe, milky juice of the
723mountain herb, A.

Báinseach, fallow ground.

Báircíl, bairciall, king's spear,
728K.

Baircín, a ferula, cross sticks be-
731tween rafters.

Bairéin, rafters.

Bairgín, bairghín, creeping crow-
736foot.

Bairín, a cake.

Bairréad an íarla, honey tripe,
741O' C.

Baiscne, baisgne, a tree.

Baisleich, baisleach, oxlip.

Baisleich coisreamhar, bais-
748lech cosramhar, oxlip.

Balah chnise, lady's bedstraw.

Bala nongluas, M., acorns.

Bal beice, truffles, T.

Balciosán, ragwort, T.; balcui-
757seán, staggerwort, O'C.

Balg buachaill, balg buachair,
760balg losgain, mushroom, O'C,
761

Balg losgáin, fuzzball.

Balg séididh, balg smúid, a puff-
765ball, C.

Balla cnis chu chulloin (balla
768cnise Chonculainn?), field
769madder; "Balah cnise Chon-
770gulloin," yellow lady's bedstraw,
771T. W.

Ballán losguinn, the mushroom,
774truffle.

Ballfurt, dwarf elder, T.

Ballóg losgain, mushroom.

"Ballsaurag," "Ballaurag," (ball-
781samhrach?), the wallflower, K.

Banach, tow.

Baoidhealán, buidhealán, darnel.

Baorach, broom, O'C.

Baorrach dathadóir, dwarf
790broom, O' C.

Bara, a barrow; lámbhara, a
793handbarrow.

Bar a bhrisgéin, silverweed, L.

Bar an mhilséin, birdsfoot trefoil,
798L.

Bar braonan na gcon, tormen-
801til, L.

Bar dearg, stalice armeria, L.

Barach, fine tow.

Barbróg, the barberry tree.

Bárr an bhrigein, silverweed.

Bárr an mhilltich, arrowgrass, C.

Bárr a' mhisléin, birdsfoot tre-
814foil, C.

Bárr arbhair, a crop of corn,
817O'B.; a báirr agus a nguirt,
818their crops and cornfields, F. M.,
819ann. 1422, p. 850.

Bárr beangáin, the top of a
822bough.

Bárr braonán na gcon, tor-
825mentil, C.

Bárr brisgean, the flower of
828silverweed, C.

Bárr buntáit, potato crop, A.

Bárr dearg, sea gillyflower, L.

Bárr guc, papilionaceous flowers,
835A.

Bárr staimh, the broad leaves of
838sea-girdles, C.

Barra, a rafter.

Bárrach, top branches of trees,
843twigs, tow, Isaiah, i. 31.

Bárrach cnaibe, tow, O'B.

Bárrach dubh (?), "barradu, barra-
848nadu," fibrous roots of bent, or
849other sand plant, H.

Bárrach lín, hards of flax, tow,
852O'Begley.

Barrag, weeds that float on the
855water, A.

Bárraghal, bárraghlach, top
858branches of trees.

Barráiste, borage, W.

Barráiste buidhe, charlock, K.

Barraste gorm, borage, K.

Barrdóg, a pannier.

Bárrguchd, bloom, blossom, A.

Barróg, the top of a branch, a
871twig.

Barróg ruadh, yellow-horned
874poppy, C.

Barróg uaine, "confervae," C.,
877a water plant.

Bascart, cinnabar, O'Brien.

Bascrand (handwood), a rattle.

Bata, a stick, a wattle.

Bat-rós, rosemary.

Beac, a mushroom.

Beacán, a mushroom; beacan
890muice, hog's mushroom; bea-
891can béice, mushroom of one
892night.

Beach cholbhuirt, curled garden
895cole, O'C.

Beag-choill, a clump of trees.

"Beahnóre, Benhuir," K.; "Beah-
900nua, T., wort.

Bealaidh, common broom, L.
903

Bealaidh francach, laburnum, C.

Bealán léana, purple loose strife,
907K.

Beallgaoi, broom, O'C.

Beanaim; beanfaidhear as a
912fhreumhach é, it shall be rooted
913up; do bheanadar deusa, they
914plucked ears of corn, Luke, vi.

Beangán, a bough.

Beangán luibhe, herb bud, Job,
919xxxviii.; do thabhairt ar bhean-
920gánaibh na luibhe laige scin-
921neadh amach, to cause the buds
922of the tender herb to spring
923forth.

Bearnán Béaltaine, bearnán
926béiltine, marsh marigold, W.

Bearnán bearnagh, dandelion, T.;
929bearnán bearnach, W. O'R.

Bearnán Bríghde, juniper, T. O'R.

Bearnán lachain, Bearnán
934locháin, bogbean, buckbean.

Beart fhéir, a truss of hay.

Beatha carraigeach, knotty
939birch, C.

Beatha cluasach, betula pendula,
942C.

Beith, birch.

Beatha dubhach, betula pendula, C.

Beatha dubhchosach, knotty birch,
949C.

Beathnua, Beahnua buinnionn,
952T, St. John's wort.

Beathnua Coluimchille, officinal
955St. John's wort, W.

Beathnua firionn, St. Peter's
958wort, T. W.

Beathnuadh fhirean, St. Peter's
961wort O'C.

Beathóg, beech, O'C.

Beathulga, cardiac, O'C.

Beilbheóg, the corn poppy.

Béin, beet, O'C.

Beirtín, a wisp (of straw, etc.).

Beith, beth, birch; "Beihe," T.;
974beatha, L.

Beitheóg, birch, O' C.; beathag,
977A.

Beith mór, dyer's weed, K.

Beith na meas, the beech-tree, W.

Beith na measa, beech, O' C.

Beithe, the box-tree; bethe, gl.
986boxus, O. I.: cf. Cornish and
987Welsh, "bedu," "bedemen,"
988gl. populus; bethe, birch (Tri-
989partite Life, p. 248).

Beithe beg, dwarf birch, C.

Beithe sídhe, beet, K.

Beitean, matgrass, moorgrass, C.

Beithion, betony, M.; "behinne,"
998K.

Beithnúir, St. John's wort.

Benedín, tormentil, W.; mene-
1003dín, K.

"Betheshee" (beithe sídhe?), beet,
1006K.

Biadh, fodder: an ngéimheann an
1009damh ós cionn a bhídh? doth the
1010ox low over his fodder? Job vi.

Biadh an tsionaigh, sedum Angli-
1013cum, C., English houseleek.

Biadh cnó, the kernel, F.

Biadh eunain, wood sorrel, L.; biadh
1018na n-eoinean, C.

Biail, hatchet, axe.

Biatus, beet-root, betony; sicla,
1023plata, M.

Bíd, a hedge.

Bighilléad, gillyflower, O' C.

Bilbheag, the corn poppy, A.;
1030bilbheóg (?).

Bile, masc., a large tree, a vener-
1033able tree.

Bile buidhe, corn marigold, C.

Bileach, the leaf of a tree or herb,
1038A.

Bileach choigreach, corn mari-
1041gold, C.
1042

(An) bhileach losgain, burnet, C.

Bileóg, a leaf: see duilleóg.

Bileóg an spuinc, coltsfoot, O'C.

Bileóg bháite, waterlily.

Bille, the trunk of a tree.

Billeóg an spuinc, coltsfoot.

Billeóg mhaith, lettuce.

Billeóg na n-eun, wood sorrel.

Bindmer, hemlock, St.; mín-
1060mhear, K.; muinmhear, T.

Biodh a leithid, dog's violet, W.

Bíodhbhóg, rhubarb, O'C.

Biolar, watercress; Old Cornish,
1067"beler," gl. nasturtium; "bil-
1068lar," K.; biller, H.

Biolar francach, biolar gár-
1071dha, garden cress.

Biolar griagáin, cuckoo flower;
1074billar griagáin, W.; billar
1075gragan, T. C.

"Biolar ika" (Biolar Óige?),
1078brooklime, T.

Biolar Mhuire, brooklime; "bil-
1081remurry," K.; biolar Muire,
1082W.; "bilur Muire," ipofila, St.;
1083watercress, O'C.

Biolar trágha (strand watercress),
1086scurvy grass, W.; biolair, L.

Biolar traighe, spoonwort, O' C.

Biolar uisge, brooklime, W.;
1091watercress, St.

Biolradh (collective), watercress;
1094"billrugh," K.

"Billrugh grugan" (Biolradh gru-
1097agáin?), whitlow grass, K.

Bior-raithneach, felix aquatica,
1100O'C.

"Birfyan" (Bior fiadhain), bir-
1103fiadhain, wildgoose tongue, K.

Bior na bríghde, dandelion, A.

Biarag, shave grass, Dutch
1108rushes, C.

Biorán, a stick, a staff, a stake, A.

Biorchopóg, waterdock, O'C.

Biorrach, a sedgy field.

Biorrach lachan, reed grass.

Biorrach laighean, common reed,
1119O'C.

Biorraide, osier, a sapling, W.

Bior-rós, waterlily; biorrós-
1124bán.

Bior-shlánluis, water plantain,

Biorthroman, ople-tree, O'C.

Biosar, watercress (for biror).

Bioth, the pith of wood, the gum of
1133trees.

Biror (O. I.), gl. nasturtium,
1136watercress.

Birphiobar, water-pepper.

"Birrah," reed, T.; biorrer, H.

Bithnuadh, hypericum, St. John's
1143wort, St.; fuga demonum, M.

Bitoine, betony, St.

Blá blae, blái a, green field, a
1148lawn.

Bládh, bláth, a flower: cf. blaud,
1151blodon, gl. flos in Old Cornish;
1152do bhláth blátha, it bloomed blos-
1153soms, Numb. xvii.

Bládh-gabáiste, cauliflower.

"Blaghnaliciugh" (bláth na li-
1158ciugh), garden flower de luce.

Blaintear (?), "blanter," i.e. oats
1161long in pickle, late in ripening,
1162H.

Blaith marmair-dhaite, marble
1165flower.

Blaithín, a small flower or blossom.

Bláithfhleasc, a garland of flowers.

"Blanchnog," cowberry, H.

Bláth bán aráistidh, flower de
1174luce, O'Begley.

Bláth buidhe, dandelion (Aran).

Bláthchabáiste, cauliflower, O'C.

Bláth na mbodach, bláth na
1181mbodóg, wild red poppy, corn
1182rose W.
1183

Bláth na raibhi uisgi, flower of
1185the water rue, St.

Bláth portaich, narrow-leaved
1188cotton grass.

Bláthadh, blossoming; bláthughadh,
1191to blossom.

Bláthadóir, a florist.

Bláthán, a small flower.

Bleachtán buidhe, a weed growing
1198among potatoes.

Bleacht fhóthannán, milk thistle;
1201"bluight fofannán," T.

Bleathach, bleitheach, grist, a
1204bag of corn for grinding.

"Blihagh" (blitheach), chick-
1207weed.

Bliochán, bastard asphodel.

Bliocan, L.; bliochán, yellow
1212marsh anthericum, A.

Bliocht fhóchadán, sow thistle,
1215W.; blioch focháin, C.;
1216bliocht fobhthanan, Crabbe.

Bliocht-phiseán, milk-vetch, O'C.

Bliosán, artichoke.

Bliután, wild lettuce, ivy-leaved
1223sow thistle, T.

"blobby waur" (blobach mhór?),
1226bladder wrack.

Blóineagán garraidh, blóinigín
1229gairdín, garden spinach.

Blúire aráin, crumb.

Bóad, woad.

Bochán, bocán, a mushroom.

Bochán bearach, a mushroom;
1238bocan beragh, T.; "bochan
1239borraugh," grows on trees, H.

"Bochunell," dittander, K.; bó
1242cuineall, Jack by the hedge,
1243T. W.

Bocsa, box tree.

Bodach dubh, ribwort, C.

Bodach gorm, field scabious, C.

Bodach na claiginn, yellow rattle,

Bodán, small cat's tail, reed mace,
1254W.

Bodán cloigín, bod an chloigín,
1257lousewort, coxcomb, yellow
1258rattle, W.

Bodán coille, wood sanicle, C.

Bodán dubh, sedge, burr-reed, T.
1263W.; great cat's tail, O'C.

Bodán meagan, butterwort;
1266bodan measgan, bod an
1267mheasgáin, K. W.

Bodán mealgan, butterwort, T.

Bó dhearc, cowberry, C.

Boethin, O.-I., gl. bacchar.

Bofulán bán, bofulán liath,
1276mugwort, W.

Bofulán buidhe, ragweed.

Bog giogháin, sow thistle, C.

Bogach, a bog, a morass, a fen;
1283O.-I. gl. bothach.

"bogall," Salix repens, H.

Bogbhuinne, the bulrush.

Bog-glas, small wild bugloss, W.

Bogluachar, the bulrush.

Boglus, marsh ragwort, bird's
1294tongue, O'R.

Boglus buidhe, ragweed, H., cor-
1297rupted to Buckles.

Bog sheimhin, the bulrush, W., K.

Boigeabhain, wild rush, O'C.

Boilg, a rod, a husk.

Boinne fola, spotted persicaria,
1306C.

Boinneán, a sprout, a stalk.

Bolg: see balg.

Bolgán béic, bolgán beich, the
1313toadstool: bolgán béice,
1314truffles, trubs, T., O'C.

Bolglus, boglus, ox-tongue, C.,
1317O'C.

Bóluss, bullace, O' C.

Bonaid an losgainn, brown
1322tus, L.; bonaid an lo
1323puffball, fuzzball, C.
1324

Bonain capuill, W., brown bole-
1326tus, puffball (?).

"Bonan léana" (Boinnean
1329léana), wild angelica, T., K.;
1330"bonun leana," W.

Bonnach, an oaten cake.

Bonnóg, a small cake.

"Boraiste buie," charlock, K.
1337(borraiste buidhe).

Bórd giubhais, a deal board.

Borr, a bunch.

Borrach, sweet meadow grass,
1344C.

Borragach, pennyroyal, K.

"Borramótur," wormwood; bor-
1349mont, Keat., wormwood; mor-
1350mónta, Bible, absinthium.

Borrthorad, fine fruit, rich
1353crop.

Bothach, O.-I., gl. for bog, fen.

Brabán, purple melic grass, C.

Bráca, a brake; bráca le
1360mbuailtear líon no cnáib.

Brácadh, a harrow.

Braich, malt.

Braighleóg, cowberry.

"Brailan" (braithléan) darnel
1369grass, braighléan, breoiléan,
1370brailéan.

Braimfheur, rye-grass, W.

Braise, bread.

Braithlis, wort.

Bralán léana, loose strife, T.

Brallan dubh, heathberry, the
1381fruit of the blackberried heath,
1382T.

Bran, bran, St.: bran baintear
1385don phlúr sul fuintear é,
1386O'B.

Braoilleóg, the whortleberry;
1389braoileóg na gcon, dogberry,
1390briarberry, A.

Braoidhileán, darnel.

Braoinín, a dewdrop.

Braonán, the pignut, the bud of
1397a briar, A.; braonan bachuill,
1398L.; braonán buachaill, C.;
1399braonán, O'R.

Braonán bachlaig, earthnut, A.

Braonán fraoich, tormentil, C.

Bratóg muire, lady's mantle.

Breachtán, wheat.

Breallán, briollán, darnel grass,
1410W., K.

Breallán dubh, heathberry, T.

Breallán léana, loose-strife,
1415purple-spiked willow herb, W.

Bréanadráin, buckthorn tree,
1418O'C.

Bréanán brothach, great daisy;
1421bréinén brothach, L.

Breathnait, a thorn.

Breilleóg, the whortleberry.

Breilleóga na gcon, bearberries,
1428L.

"Brenedrain" (bréandraighen),
1431the blackthorn tree, K.

Brén-ubhall, the buckthorn tree,
1434K.; "brenuhal," T.

"Brenelus" (bréan-lus), black
1437horehound.

Breoiléan, ray, O'C.

Breunlus, stinkweed, O'C.

Brí, a grassy hill, a lawn.

Brian breágh, purple loose-strife,
1446H.

Briar, a thorn.

Bricín dubh, meu, spignel, C.;
1451spicknel.

Brideóg, a basket.

Briniel, the dogberry tree, K.

"Briodi," comfrey, K.

Brioscglán, briosglán, silver-
1460weed, goosegrass, wild tansey,
1461skirret, K., W.

Brisgean, wild skirret, A.; "bris-
1464ken," goosegrass, H.

Brislean, white tansey, A.
1467

Bró, gen. broon, gl. molae, mill
1469(or quern) in Bk. Armagh.

Brobh, a rush, a club-rush, the
1472round-rooted bastard cypress, W.

Brochán, pottage, Gen. xxv.

Brodh, straw, a stem.

Brogan na cuaig, butterwort,
1479L.; brog na cubhaig, C.

Brógbraidhe, the common rush,
1482the round-headed rush, seaves,
1483W.

Broileóg, the whortleberry;
1486broithleag na gcon, A.

Broisnín, faggot, a bundle of
1489brambles.

Brosna, faggot, an armful of
1492wood.

Brosna crin, gl. cremium, Cod.
1495Palatinus, 68, fo. 23, d. brosnu,
1496Turin gl. 123.

Brossna crínaig, bundle of
1499withered sticks, Trip. Life, p. 10.

Broth, a stalk, straw.

Bru-chorcur, bru-choracht,
1504heath-rust, C.

Brughan, faggots (Scotch).

Bruimfheur, couch grass, creeping
1509wheat grass, W.; "brimere,"
1510K.; briumfhér, T.

Bruimsean, couch grass, squitch
1513grass, common wheat grass, W.

Bruis, brus, underwood.

Brus, straw.

Brusglach, butcher's broom, T.

Buachalán, a kind of groundsel or
1522ragwort, mugwort, W., bualán,
1523L.

Buachalán bán, wormwood;
1526"bofullan ban," K.

Buachalán buidhe, common rag-
1529wort; corn marigold, W.;
1530"fairies, horse," H.

Buafallán liath, mugwort, arte-
1533misia St.

Buafanán, buafanán bán, mug-
1536wort.

Buafánán buidhe, yellow ox-eye,
1539corn marigold.

Buafanán na n-easgarán, rag-
1542weed, groundsel, St. James' wort;
1543buafanán na heasgaran,
1544W.

Buafchonnadh, snakewood, O'C.

Buaillite bán, water-lily.

Buailteán, buailtín, the stick of
1551the flail that threshes corn.

Buain: "ag buain arbhair,"
1554reaping corn; na féithleoga do
1555bhuain do phís nó do phónaire,
1556to shell peas or beans, O'B.;
1557lucht buana, reapers.

Bualadh: o mo bhualadh agus
1560arbhar m'urláir, O my thresh-
1561ing and the corn of my floor!

Buathbhalán liath, wormwood,
1564mug wort; "bofullan liah,"
1565buadhfallan liath, artemisia,
1566M.

"Bucaille boh," trubs, truffles, T.:
1569buachaille bó?

Bugh, plant, or herb, of green or
1572blue colour.

Bugha, sloe berries.

Bugha geal, oxlip.

"Buha muck" (bug. a muc?), hare-
1579bells, T.; rotha muc, K.; "bum-
1580muck," bluebell, H.

Buidhe bailscean, ragweed, rag-
1583wort, W.; bailciosán buidhe,
1584K., C.

Buidhe na n-inghean, Irish spurge,
1587or Euphorbia hibernica (cure for
1588warts); bí na cían, H.

Buidhe mór, yellow weed, wild
1591woad, dyer's rocket, dyer's weed,
1592T., W.

Buidheach, vervain.

Buidheachán, oxlip.
1597

Buidheachán bó bleacht, cow-
1599slip, primrose; "buiheacan bó
1600bliught," T., W,

Buidheag, a daisy, a lily, A.

Buidheag an arbhair, scentless
1605mayweed, C.

Buidhe na cíon (?), "bi-na-keeon,"
1608Irish spurge, H.

Buig amhuinn (buig abhann), the
1611bulrush, T.

Buigiun, buigiuin, bulrush, rush;
1614"Buigoun," "Buigh auhuinn,"
1615T.

Buigneach, bulrushes.

Buigshibhinn, buigsibhin, bulrush;
1620beug sheimhin, T.

"Buihain buihe," corn marigold,
1623T.; common marigold, (buidh-
1624theán buidhe?).

Buile baca, truffles, trubs.

Buime, a twisted twig, a withe, F.

Buinean, buinneán, a young twig,
1631stalk, gourd, sprig; bí dóigh as
1632crann nach sguirfidh a bhuin-
1633neán maoth, there is hope of
1634a tree that the tender branch
1635thereof will not cease, Job.

Buinne, a branch, a bud, a sap-
1638ling; cf. old gloss, buinne; gl.
1639cicuta; buine, common sanicle,
1640W.

Buinneóg, a sprout, a sapling.

Buirbheach, costmary, O'C.

Buirceaman, sanicle, K.

Buirillín, a potato in seed (Aran).

Bulos, prune, plum.

Bulastair, bullace, O'C.

Bun ciseáin, ragweed, H.

Bun crainn, stock of a tree, Is.
1657xliv.

Bun craoibhe, the stump of a tree,
1660A.

Bun na cíob, the root of the
1663mountain grass, A.

Bunach, coarse flax, tow.

Bunán, a small root, a stump.

Bunglas, purple melic grass, A.

Bunnsach, bonnsach, a twig, an
1672osier, a wattle; bunsag, A.

Buntáta, a potato, A.

Burbún, wormwood.

Burmaid, wormwood, A.

"Burrane" (borrán), butterbur,
1681K.

Buscart, cinnabar, O'C.

Butha muc, harebells, common
1686hyacinth, W.; also fuatha muc,
1687rutha muc.

Caba deasáin, field scabious,
1690knautia, W.; "cab desáin," cab
1691an ghiusáin, K.

Cabáiste, cabbage.

Cabáiste daoine maithe, none-
1696so-pretty, London pride.

Cabáiste mhadaidh ruaidh, cabá-
1699iste mhadraidh ruaidh, Saint
1700Patrick's cabbage, London pride.

Cabhan abhann, yellow waterlily,
1703W.

Cabhan giusáin, field scabious,
1706T.

Cabróis, cabrois, corn spurrey,
1709W.

Cabhraigh, butcher's broom, O'C.

Cabhsadán, allheal; "causadan,"
1714clown's allheal, T.

Cadhal, kale, colewort.

Cadaras, cotton.

Cadás, cotton.

Cadhluibh, cudweed, cudwort; cat-
1723luibh, A.

Caed Coluimchille, Caod Cho-
1726luimchille, St. John's wort.

Caein cir coillig, yellow rattle,
1729St.

Caera an iubhair craigi, juniper
1732berries.
1733

Caera eighinn na crand, berries
1735of tree-ivy, St.

Cailement, calamint, St.

Cailg, barley.

Caill, a wood.

Caille, a wood, gl. "sylva ": cf.
1744celli, a copse, "grove" in Welsh.

Cailleach, moss cup, O'C.

Cailleagh dearg, cailleach
1749dhearg, red poppy, cornrose,
1750T.

Cailtín, hazel.

Caillgín, broom, prickle (?).

Cainche, quince.

Cainchi acaidh, eyebright, C.

Cainchean, called moss-crops by
1761Lowlanders, L.

Caineab, hemp, A.; recte cnáib.

Caineal Muire, verbascum mas,
1766O'C.

Caineóg, barley, oats; caineag,
1769A.

Cainnen, leek (?), C.

Cainnin, gl. anethum (dill or
1774anise), Bodl. 70.

Cáir, caer, O. I., gl. bacca, a
1777berry; Welsh, "cair."

Cairge, "carragy, wild rose,"
1780H.

Cairgín, common creeping crow-
1783foot, O'C.

Cairmeal, wild peas, heath peas,
1786A.

Cairt, bark; "do bhean sé an
1789chairt domh chrann," he
1790barked my tree, Joel i.

Cairt, cinnamon.

Cairteal, water mint, L.: see
1795cartlain.

Caise, a mushroom.

Caisearbhán, cáis tsearbhán,
1800dandelion, endive, W.

Caisearbhán beag, little dande-
1803lion devilsbit, M.

"Caisearuhan," "capreván," dan-
1806delion; "casrevane," K.; "cais-
1807searuhan," T.; "casháráwan,"
1808H.

Caisleach, spunk, touchwood,
1811A.

Caistsearbhán na muc, dande-
1814lion, C.

Caith, chaff.

Caithir thalmhan, yarrow, milfoil,
1819L.: see athair t.

Cáithleach, poppy, husks; chaff,
1822Isa. v.

Cáithleach, husks.

Cáithleach dhearg, red poppy.

Cáithluibh, chaffweed, O' C.

"Cáit i callagan," great horsetail,
1831T. K.; or "irebull cait i calla-
1832gan"; earball cait uí Cheal-
1833lacháin, "the tail of O'Cal-
1834laghan's cat" (?).

Caithne, fem., arbutus.

Caitín, osier blossom; caitean,
1839A.

Cál, cabbage, kail.

Cál cearslach, cabbage, C.; cál
1844ceaslach, O. C.

Cál colag, cauliflower, A.; cál-
1847cológ, O'R.

Cál colbhairt, cabbage, C.

Cál gruidheam, cauliflower, A.

Cál Phádraig, Peter's kale, C.

Calaidin, black poppy.

Calaing, seed, husk (Scotch).

Calameilt, calamint, C.

Calg bealaidh, prickly broom
1862(Scotch).

Calg bhrudhainn, butcher's broom,
1865A.

Calg bhrúim, knee holm, O'C.

Calg bhruim-rais, butcher's
1870broom, O'C.

Calg claráin, the prickle of a
1873thistle (Scotch).
1874

Calltarnach, a truss of weeds
1876(Scotch).

Camán searraigh, common fumi-
1879tory, W., K., T.

"Camanonille," camomile, K.;
1882cambhil, C.

Camm, ploughshare.

Camstuaic, the stout, crooked
1887limb of a tree.

Canach, cotton; catstail, O'C.

Cánadh, reed.

Canal, cinnamon, A.

Canar, cotton.

Cannabhán móna, narrow-leaved
1898cotton grass.

Cannach, sweet willow, myrtle.

Caobh, a bough, a branch.

Caobhán, a twig.

Caochadh: seacht ndíasa ar n-
1907a gcaochadh ón ghaoith an shoir,
1908seven ears of corn blasted by the
1909east wind, Gen. xli.

Caoch na gcearc, common hen-
1912bane, O'R., W.

Caochóg, a blind nut, fuzz-
1915ball.

Caod aslachan Choluim chille,
1918perforated St. John's wort, C.

Caod Choluimchille, St. John's
1921wort, A.

Caodach, sweet willow, T.

Caoich-neanntóg, "keighnántóg
1926bán," white archangel, K.

"Keagamuid" (caogamuid), san-
1929icle, K.; caogma, C., O'R.

"Keignantóg darrig," red arch-
1932angel, K.; for caoichneanntóg
1933dhearg?

Caoimín, eyebright; "koemin
1936raihairk," T.

Caoince coille (moss of trees?),
1939"gallitricum," M.

Caoinleach, stubbles.

Caoirín, a little berry.

Caorín léana, great wild vale-
1946rian; "keerin leanna," T. K.

Caoirle, a reed, a club.

Caolach, fairy flax, purging flax, K.

Caolach, wattles, a bundle of
1953small sticks.

Caolfhail, heiriff, nettle, the lesser
1956stinging nettle, T., W., O'R.,
1957quotes from the Scotch.

Caolmhíosachán, purging flax,
1960O'R., L.

Caoma, sanicle, "keama."

Caona, caonach, down, O' C.

Caonach, cúnach, cúnnach,
1967moss, stubble.

Caonach cupánach, moss cup,
1970cup moss, O' C.

Caonach mara, "kynagh mara,"
1973sea-moss, K.

"Kynadarry," birdlime, K.; cao-
1976nach, daraigh, or cionach
1977daraigh, I.

Caonar, cotton.

Caor, a berry: see Cair; croith-
1982fidh sé a chaora anabuidh, he
1983shall shake off his unripe grape,
1984Job. xv.

Caor con, dogberry.

Caor conbhaiscne, cornelberry,
1989O' C.

Caor dromain, alderberry, A.

Caor eidheanáin, ivyberry.

Caor fhionóige, crowberry, C.

Caor labhrais, bayberry.

Caor shearbh, a sour grape.

Caor thalmhan, pig-nut, earth-nut.

Caor thruim, elderberry.

Caora aittinn, juniperus nana,
2006H.

Caora bad miann, stone-bramble,
2009C.; in Irish, sugh na mban min.

Caora caithne, arbutus tree (arbu-
2012tus berries?); (keeora caihne),
2013T. K.
2014

Caora caorthainn, service berries.

Caoran staoin, juniper berries,
2018C.

Caoróg leuna, the pink, O'R.;
2021Caorógach léana, sweetwil-
2022liam, C.; meadow pink, K.

Caorthan, caorthann, caor-
2025thainn, the quicken tree, the
2026mountain ash, rowan tree.

Caorthann curraigh, fuga male-
2029vina, M.; bogberry (?), valerian,
2030St.

Caothran arraigh, valerian-

Capóg, wild dock, T.: see copóg.

Capóg gairdín, garden dock.

Capóg ghéar, sharp-pointed dock.

Capóg mór uisge, great water-
2041dock.

Capóg nimhe, greater bistort,
2044snake-weed, K.

Capóg shráide, sharp-pointed
2047dock.

"Caprevane," dandelion: see cais-
2050earbhán.

Carabhuadh, carabhuaidh, caraway,
2053St.; "caravoe," K.; carbhaidh,
2054carbhainn, C.

Carb, a plank, a bier.

Carchnó, mast, acorns (Coneys).

"Carmel," heath pease (Scotch);
2061carn-ya-melia, H.

Carnán caisil, cotyledon, M.;
2064kidney-wort, navel-wort, W.

Carra, bran.

Carra mhilis, wild pea, wild
2069liquorice root.

Carrachán, wild liquorice root.

Carraicín, Irish moss, C.; cairr-
2074gín.

Carrán, scurvy grass, a weed
2077growing in corn, A.

Carrán buidhe, charlock.

Cart, the rind of a tree.

Cartal, mint, O'R.

Carthan, cearthan, quickbeam.

Carthan curraigh, carthan cur-
2088aigh ("caren currach," K.), wild
2089or officinal valerian, K., W.

Cárthan curraidh, valerian, M.

Cartlann, cartlain, St.; "cart-
2094line," cartloinn, watermint,
2095T., K., W.; balsamite or cost-
2096mary, M.

Cas fá chrann, honeysuckle,
2099woodbine, W.

Casachdaighe, coltsfoot.

Casán, a thorn.

Casair, a thorn.

Casnaidh, split-wood, a lath.

Cassach, self-heal, K.

Castearbhan, succory, A.

Castearbhán na muc, dandelion,
2114A.

Castreaghainn, straw on which
2117corn is laid while being kiln-
2118dried, A.

Cáthadh: arbhar do cháthughadh,
2121to winnow corn; ag cáthadh
2122eorna ar urlár an bhuailte,
2123winnowing barley on the thresh-
2124ing-floor, Ruth iii.

Cathair talmhan, milfoil.

Catóg, the strawberry bush.

Cailleach dhearg, red poppy,
2131cornrose, T., K., W.

Céadar dealgnach, prickly cedar,
2134O' C.

Ceadharlach, gentian.

Céaddhuilleach, centaury; ceud-
2139bhileach, St.

Céad-thortha th'fhearainn, the
2142first fruits of thy land, Exodus
2143xxiii.

Ceama, cemid, sanicle.

Ceangal, a bunch (of fruit).

Ceanglachán, a bunch.

Ceannbhán bán, "keannan bán
2152cotton grass, K.
2153

Ceannbhán beag, self-heal, pru-
2155nella, T., W.

Ceannabhán móna, broad-leaved
2158cotton grass, W.; "keannach
2159na mónah," T., W.

Ceannán bán, cotton grass, K.

Ceann cinn-coille, clary, O'C.

Ceannchosach, a blue, wild
2166flower (Aran).

Ceann dubh (?), Centaurea nigra,
2169"blackhead," in Donegal and
2170Dublin, H.

Ceann ruadh, celandine, O'R., A.

Ceaolach, wild dwarf flax, mill-
2175mountain, T.; vid. caolach,
2176ceolach.

Ceap, cep, a block (of wood);
2179dim. cipín, a little stick or bit
2180of wood.

Ceapach, a plot of land laid out
2183for tillage, a decayed wood, A.

Ceapán, stump of a tree, 1 Sam.
2186v. 4.

Cearban, crowfoot, C.; fear-
2189bán, T.

Cearban feoir, healing-herb,
2192wound grass, O'R.

Cearbhus, caraway.

Cearc bhreac, fool-stones, dog's-
2197stones, K.

Cearracán, a carrot.

Cearruchán, water parsnip,
2202skerret.

Cearthan, cárthan, quickbeam,
2205O' C.

Ceathramha caorach, common
2208orache; ceathramha chaorach,
2209W.

Ceathramha luthain, wild orache,
2212T., K.; ceathramha luain gri-
2213ollóg, W.

Ceathramha uain, lamb's lettuce.

Ceimid, sanicle, K.

Cirín léana, great wild valerian, T.

Ceiricán, water elder, sambucus.

"Ceirogah," sheep's sorrel, T.;
2224for caorógach (?).

Ceirt, an orchard.

Ceis fá chrann, honeysuckle,
2229T.

"Cenadha-hassog," common self-
2232heal, H.; for cenn-chosach (?).

Ceó na gcearc, henbane, "Keoug
2235na geark," T.

Ceolach, fairy flax, W.

Ceológ, purging flax, O' C.

"Ceora (Caora) cahra," ceora
2242cubrain, "koura eun," the quicken
2243tree, the rowan tree; "keeora
2244cahrain," T.

Ceora con, water elder, T.

"Ceora cuhra," wild service tree,
2249sorb, T.

Ceosán, bur, the prickly head of
2252the burdock.

Ceothran curraidh, water hore-
2255hound, T.

Cerrbocán, rocket, a sort of
2258colewort, St.

Césadcrann, the Cross, L. B.,
2261214, 6.

Ceucht, céacht, a ploughshare,
2264O'B.; a plough, Luke, ix.;
2265ceáchta, O'R.; ceucht ar-
2266bhair.

Céadbhileach, centaury, A.

"Challieegh," cupmoss, K.; cail-
2271leach, caithleach (?).

"Chanfiaclucim," helmet flower,
2274K.; cean fiachluicim (?).

"Chimud," sanicle, K.; cimead.

"Choas a gea," blites, goosefoot,
2279K. (cos an ghé?).

"Choffa columbe," or cossa co-
2282lumbe, garden columbine, K.;
2283cossa coluimb (?).

"Chouquillon," lady's bedstraw;
2286cuchuillean (?).
2287

"Chuinvalegh," restharrow, cam-
2289mock, K.; cuinbhalla (?).

Ciab, ciob, cíb, sedge, coarse
2292mountain-grass.

Ciab-cheann dubh, deer's hair.

"Cicurbit," gourd, St.

Cíochan nan cailleachan mar-
2299bha, the foxglove, C.

Cíp, gl. cumminum (cumin), Bodl.
230270.

Círean coileach, red campion, C.

Cirín léana, great wild valerian,
2307K., T., O'C.

Cis, basket work made of osiers,
2310hurdles on a slough to enable
2311cattle to pass.

Ciseán, osier basket.

Ciseóg, a stem of corn.

Clabhán, clamhán, thyme, dodder.

Clabhrus, purple mountain saxi-
2320frage, W.: cf. "gloris," golden
2321saxifrage.

Clachan gadhair, early orchis, C.

Cládas gachaoir, aron, O'C.

"Clairtha," speedwell, H..