TÉARMAIDHEACHT.

We commence this month the publication of some
Lists of Technical Terms in connection with the
Oireachtas. The following list won First Prize at the
Oireachtas of 1901, in Competition 16 for the best list
of terms used in Agriculture. The prize was awarded
to Mícheál Ó Luingsigh, Baile Mhúirne, for the follow-
ing very interesting list:—

1. Páirc.

Páirc, field.

Páirc fhéarmhar, grassy field.

Páirc bhocht, barren or poor field.

Páirc shaidhbhir, fertile or rich field.

Páirc ghrineach, sandy field.

Páirc nuadh, field frequently tilled; field that has been
broken up.

Páirc óg, field not long out of tillage.

Páirc sheanda, field that has not been tilled during
some years.

Seana-pháirc, same as páirc sheanda.

Páirc dhaingean, well-fenced field.

Páirc fhosuigheachta, field the grass of which is re-
served for milch cows.

(a) Tá fosuigheacht ag na buaibh; ní hiongnadh dhoibh
bainne bheith aca.

Páirc chosanta, field reserved for meadowing.

Páirc chluain (?), same as páirc chosanta (?)

(a) cluain, a sheltered grassy place (?)
(b) tá na ba sa chluain.

Páirc innír, pasture field (inbhear, gen. inbhir),

Páirc tuair, field into which cows are always put
during night at time of year when they are not
housed.

Páirc chluthmhar, field that affords good shelter to
cattle in severe weather.

Páirc scéirdeamhail, a bleak field.

(a) Talamh scéirdeamhail is eadh é.

Páirc iomardamhail, hilly field; field difficult to be
tilled on account of the presence of large stones,
etc.

Páirc mhilis, field that produces good fine grass.

Páirc shearbh, field that produces rough pasture.

Páirc mhóinteáin, same as páirc shearbh.

Páirc chonnlaigh, moss-grown field.

Páirc nóiníní, field that produces small daisies.

Páirc sheamrógach, field that produces shamrock.

Páirc fíor-uisceamhail, field in which springs are
found.

Páirc bhogaigh, a soft, boggy field.

Páirc ghaorthamhail (?)

Páirc chréamhail, field having clayey soil.

Talamh, land.

Talamh garbh, wet and cold land.

Lúb talaimh, a bye-place, a recess.

Bun an tailimh, part farthest from farmhouse.

Talamh iomardamhail, farm difficult to be worked.

Talamh páirtidheachta. (?)

Feirm, farm.

Feirm chómhgarach, a farm advantageously situated as
regards fairs and markets; a farm in which the
farmyard occupies a central position a compact
farm etc.

Feirm aistearach, a long an narrow farm; a farm in
which the farmyard is situated at one end, etc.;
in general opposite in meaning to feirm chómh-
garach.

Páirc ghortach = páirc bhocht.

(a) Tá ór fé an raithnigh, airgead fé an luachair,
agus an ghorta ghorm fé an bhfraoch.

(b) Dí-mhol an choill agus ná fág í; mol an
machaire agus ná taobhuigh.

Móinteán, a very wet field.

Eisc (pl. eascacha and eisceanna), a narrow steep glen;
a narrow glen running between rocks; a little glen
between rocks.

Scót, a narrow windy gap between rocks, hills, houses,
etc.

(a) Tá scót gaoithe ann.
(b) Ritheann an ghaoth sa scót san.

Cumar, a place cut deeply by running water.

(a) Tá [an ball] 'n-a chumarachaibh tar éis na
tuile.

Braghadacha, nice green places between rocks.

Cúm, a glen shut in by hills.

Currach, a boggy place.

Tuínn, a swamp.

(a) Tuínn ar bogadh, a quagmire.

Lios, ruins of an old fort.

Ínse, flat land beside a stream or river.

Gaorthadh, bushy low land beside a stream.

Réidh, barren land.

Sliabh, mountain.

Gleann, glen.

Cnoc, hill.

Cnocán, a kopje

(a) Cnoc páirtidheachta. (?)

Cuimín, a commonage.

leaca na páirce.

Plásóg, plásóigín, a level spot on the side or top of a
hill.

(a) Is deas an phlásóigín pháirce í sin.

Sluigeadal, a kind of cúm (?).

Meádhan, applied to that part of a farm between arable
land and foot of mountain; “not so good as bot-
tom and not so barren as mountain.”

Clais, furrow, trench, level piece of land between hills
or rocks.

Iomaire críche, a ridge-like elevation on the side of
hill or mountain.

(a) Trí fál — do chuin,
Trí chú, — d'each,
Trí each, — do mharcach,
Trí mharcach, — d'fhiach,
Trí fhiach, — do chrí[ch], agus
Trí chrích, — do chrích an domhain.

Fál, hedgerow.

(a) Fál a chur ar chlaidhe.
(b) Fáil sceiche gile, &c. (whitethorn).

Bárr sciath [bar], cut furze, branches of whitethorn,
etc, put in a gap or on part of fence against
cattle.

Buaile, a milking ground.

Cnapóg, a small hill on top or on the side of another
hill.

Túrtóg, a little mound of earth, peat, &c.

Ag dainginiughadh páirce, fencing in a field, thereby
making it secure against trespass.

Claidhe, fence.

Claidhe cluthmhar, fence that affords good shelter to
cattle in severe weather.

Claidhe teórann, boundary fence.

(a) Tá ba na gcomhursan 'om ithe.

(b) Bhíomar ag daingniughadh claidhe teórann le
chéile, I (on one side of a boundary fence)
and my neighbour (on the other side) were
strengthening the fence.

Claidhe Aitinn, fence with furze growing on it.

Claidhe sceiche ghile, white-thorn fence.

Claidhe sceach (?)

(a) Cuir sceach [gheal] um Shamhain agus tiocfidh sí;
cuir sceach um Nodlaig & tiocfidh sí; cuir
lá 'le Bríghde í agus b'éidir go dtiocfidh sí;
agus cuir um Bhealltaine agus meathfidh sí.

Claidhe dúbalta, broad fence.

Claidhe íseal, low fence.

Claidhe árd, high fence.

Claidhe fód, fence built with sods.

Claidhe cloch, stone fence.

Claidhe sinnil, fence formed by putting stones singly
on each other, a narrow fence.

Claidhe cúil, fence built first with stones or sods and
then lined with earth or peat mould, on which
furze, etc., may be planted.

(a) Ag cuir cúl le claidhe, act of lining a fence
with earth, etc.

(b) Dein suas an claidhe, repair fence where
broken.

(c) Tá an claidhe briste, the fence is broken or
damaged.

Beárna, gap.

(a) Ag tógaint beárnan, building up where gap
was.

Beárna trucaile, gap through which a horse and
cart would be able to pass.

Beárna trucaileach, same as beárna trucaile.

Beárna shinnil, gap closed by stones placed singly on
each other.

Deárna dhúbalta, gap closed by double row of stones.

Bóthar, road.

(a) Bóthar iomardamhail, a hilly rugged road.

(b) Bóthar, cam, díreach, &c., &c.

Bealach, an old road, now more or less disused.

Póirse, a lane.

(a) Póirse mí-chorthamamhail (mí-chothromamhail), a
high and rugged lane, one unfit for vehicles,
etc.

(b) Póirse cumhang, leathan, díreach, cam, &c.
Casán, path.

Bóithrín, same as póirse.

(a) lúb an phóirse, a part of lane wide enough to
allow one horse and cart to pass another.

Céim, that part of a road which leads from a low to a
higher level, or vice versa.

Pasáiste ba, a passage fit for cows, but not fit for
horses.

Ciseach, a low bridge over stream or wet place for
cows, (often made by trunking with sticks, stones,
bushes (etc.).

Slogadh, a rut (made by wheels of carts, etc.)

Droichead, bridge.

(a) slat, parapet of bridge.

(b) súil, open space under arch of bridge.

Dréin, a drain (also lonntraér).

Dréin dhoimhinn, deep drain.

Dréin libhéaltha, a drain more or less plane at bottom.

Dréin neamh-libhéaltha, a drain not plane at bottom.

Dréin chumhang, narrow drain.

Dréin leathan, broad drain.

Cros-dréin, sub-main drain; also a short transverse
drain connecting two principal ones.

Ag dréineáil, act of making drains.

(a) Dréineáltha, drained.

(b) Ní'l an dréin curtha i bhfad i dtalamh, it is
shallow.

(c) Ag dúnadh dréine (nó dréiní), filling up a
drain (or drains) with stones, etc.; closing drain
(or drains).

Cloch, stone.

Cloch ghréine, igneous stone.

Cloch ruadh, fireproof stone.

Cloch ghlas, stone that fire will break.

Cloch chruaidh, hard stone.

Cloch shleamhain, a stone slippery for the crowbar.

Pres [pronounced like English word press, if r be
pronounced like slender Irish r], a stone placed
under crowbar to give it greater lifting power.

Cloch ghabhála, stone placed as support under that part
of a heavy stone which has been raised some dis-
tance by crowbar.

(a) Gaibh í sin anois dam, .i. the large stone.

Cloch ghreamuighthe, stone firmly embedded in ground.

Lúrapóg cloiche, stone more or less globular (also
rúbóg).

Púróg cloiche, a little round stone.

Méaróg, a finger stone.

(a) Méaróg, also súgán.

Ag piocadh chloch, picking stones (off field by hand).

Ag bailiughadh chloch = ag piocadh chloch.

Ag baint chloch, digging or rooting up stones.

Ag aistearughadh chloch (nó ag tarrac chloch) don
pháirc, removing stones from field.

Tolchán cloch, a heap of stones.

Ag raobadh tolcháin, rooting out tolchán.

Ag glanadh tolcháin, removing stones of tolchán from
field, etc.

(a) Tá léim tolcháin agam.

Adhbairne cloiche. (?)

(a) Fadhbairne cloiche.

Geata, gate.

Líntéir, a gully or gullet.

Glaise, a stream.

Abha, river.

(a) Tá an abha tráighte, dried up.

Sinéal, channel for water.

Leacht, a heap of stones to mark where a person was
found dead or killed.

Cladarán, heap of stones (?).

Carraig, a rock.

Faill, a precipice.

Gallán, monumental (?) pillar stone.

Siúnta, “grain” (of stone, wood, etc.)

(a) Tá sé ag bualadh na cloiche i gcoinnibh an
tsiúnta.

Leac, flag-stone.

2. Piocóid.

Piocóid, pick-axe.

(a) Scian na piocóide, the blade or flat sharp end
of a pick-axe.

(b) Súil na piocóide, hole into which handle is
inserted.

(c) Sámhthach, handle.

3. Rinnear.

Rinnear, crowbar.

(a) Barra an rinnir, narrow end of crowbar.

(b) Rinnear fada, long crowbar.
Rinnear gairid, short crowbar.
Rinnear géar, sharp-pointed crowbar.
Rinnear maol, crowbar with blunt end.

Spéice, name of piece of stick often used in conjunc-
tion with crowbar to help in turning up stones.

4. Grafán.

Grafán, grubbing axe.

(a) Cúl an ghrafáin, poll of grubbing axe.

(b) Béal an ghrafáin, the flat edged part of
grubbing axe.

(c) Scrugal an ghrafáin, neck connecting flat part
with that in which is the súil or hole for
insertion of handle (sámhthach).

(d) Bradán an ghrafáin. (?)

5. Órd.

Órd, sledge hammer.

(a) Órd trom, éadtrom.

(b) Súil an úird, hole for insertion of handle.

(c) Súil cham, said when line passing through
centre of súil is not perpendicular to a
horizontal line.

(d) Tá súil cham ar an órd soin.

6. Speal.

(a) Speal Ghaedhealach = native scythe; hand-made
scythe, having no rivets and very durable.

(b) Speal Ghalldha = foreign scythe; the (now)
common scythe.

(b1) Cioca speal Ghaedhealach nó Ghalldha
b'fheárr leat.

(c) Speal dhúr, a scythe difficult to edge.

(d) Speal chruaidh, of hard material.

(e) Speal bhriosc, brittle scythe.

(f) speal bhog, scythe the metal of which is rather
soft, — loses edge or becomes blunt quickly.

(g) Speal ramhar, scythe rather thick near edge.

(i) Speal fhada, when blade is long.

(l) Speal ghairid, when blade is short.

(l') Speal fhada do thalamh réidh; agus speal
ghairid do thalamh acharnach (nó chas).

(m) Seana-speal, bíonn sí doiceamhail, difficult to
work with.

(n) Ag tabhairt speile isteach, turning the luidín
(the finger at end of scythe) at forge.

(o) Ag gabháil speile, tackling to its “handle”
(crann).

(o') Ag gabháil cómhgarach, causing speal
to make a rather small angle with
crann.

(o) Ag gabháil fhaca, causing speal to
make a rather wide angle with
crann: tá an speal ró-fhaca amach.

(p) Tá an fear so go maith chun speile ghabháil, this
man is able skilfully to tackle a scythe, i.e.,
to fix it to the crann.

(p') Tá gabháil dheas agat ar do speil;
no, is deas an ghabháil í sin agat ar
do speil.

(r) Tá an speal ar bogadh, become loose, i.e., in
state of not being firmly bound to scythe-tree
(crann).

Crann speile, pole to which scythe is fixed in order
that the combination may become a useful agri-
cultural implement.

(a) Dúirnín, the handles, fixed to crann, that are
grasped by the mower when mowing.

(a') Dúirnín tosaigh, one grasped by right
hand.

(a) Dúirnín deiridh, left-hand one.

(b) Biana, iron band binding speal to crann.

(c) Bior, spike (spíce) fixed in crann to help to
keep clár (sand-board for edging scythe) in
position when mower is at work.

(d) piona (an chláirín), same as bior.

(d') Tairnge (nail) agus piona chun an
chláirín a choimeád ar an gcrann.

(e) Sleagh an chrainn, spike to keep crann from
slipping whilst scythe is being edged.

(f) Lúidín na speile, that part of scythe by which
it is bound to crann; the turned part of
speal for insertion into biana.

(g) Díng, a small wedge between lúidín & biana.

(i) Béim, the blade.

(i') Béim fhada.

(i'') Béim ghairid.

(l) Úrla (an chrainn).

Coinghibh úrla do chrainn ar an dtalamh.

Cláirín, piece of board coated with sand for edging
scythe.

(a) Cláirín mín, when coated with fine sand.

(b) Cláirín garbh, when coated with rough sand.

(c) Cláirín dearg, when sand is a reddish colour.

(d) Cláirín dubh, when sand is black.

Cloch speile, stone used for edging scythe.

(a) Cloch Chruaidh, when stone is hard.

(b) Cloch bhog, when soft.

(c) Cloch cheathair-chúinneach agus cloch chruinn.
when oblong and round.

Faobhar (speile), edge.

(a) Faobhar cláir, edge put on with scythe-board.

(b) Faobhar cloiche, edge put on with scythe-stone.

(b') Chuireas faobhar chloiche is cláir.

(c) Faobhar milis, fine edge.

(c') Faobhar, gaoth, agus grádh, trí nídh nách
féidir fheicsint agus dheinéann (dheineann)
díoghbháil.

(c'') “A mhic, a'bhfeiceann tú an faobhar?”
arsa an t'athair.
“Do chím,” arsa an mac.
“Ní fheicfá dá mbeadh an faobhar agat,”
arsa an t-athair.

(d) Gob-fhaobhar, wire-edge.

(e) Faobhar fada, opposite of gob-fhaobhar.

(f) Faobhar nua, edge of new scythe.

(f') Bíonn an faobhar nua éadtrom, the
good edge of a new scythe causes the
labour of mowing to be less hard than
usual.

(g) Faobhar garbh, rough edge.

(g') An faobhar garbh don fhéar mhín agus an
faobhar mín don fhéar gharbh.

(i) Bar'-fhaobhar, edge put on top of scythe.

(l) Faobhar gualann [bíonn sé trioblóideach], cut-
ting without [fair] edge by main strength.

(l') A mhic, cuir an faobhar, nó cuirfidh an
faobhar tu.

(l'') Tabhair leat speal a ghéarfidh locha
ar loic, a good scythe would cut a
floating lock of hair.

(m) mant, a little gap in edged part.

(m') Tá an béal ag léimrig as an speil,
small pieces are coming off edge.

(m'') Tá an speal so go holc, mar ní thug
sí dath an faoibhir ar an dtalamh, it
does not cut level, does not cut bare
(low) enough, and thus causes waste.

(m''') Is maith an spealadóir é sin: tá dath
dearg ar an dtalamh n-a dhiaidh refers
to cutting low “shaving the ground,”
which them looks to be nearly red
here and there.

(m'''') Tá an speal so bog, mar casann an
béal uirthi, the edge turns inwards or
outwards.

Pláta, blade of scythe.

(a) Pláta caol, when narrow.

(b) Pláta leathan, when broad.

(c) Barra na speile, pointed end.

(d) Deireadh na speile, opposite of barra na
speile.

(e) Tá an speal ag raiseáil, very little dents, or
mant, are appearing on edge, and thus pre-
vent its cutting keen.

(e') Tá mo speal raiseálta orm, edge has
frittered away.

(Ní críoch).

Mícheál Ó Briain, of Carraig an Adhmaid, has
kindly supplied the following additional notes to above
list. Táimid ana-bhuidheach dhe féin is dá chongan-
tóiribh:—

Páirc ghaothramhail, a field the soil of which is of the
same nature as that of a gaorthadh.

[Páirc mhótamhail, a field the soil of which is
alluvial (?). Móta, alluvial deposit (?)]

Talamh páirtidheachta, land used in common by two or
more than two persons.

Muíng, a wet bog, a marsh, a swamp.

Caol, a narrow level strip of wet land through or be-
side which a stream runs.

Cnoc páirtidheachta, a hill used in common by two
persons or by more than two.

Leaca na páirce, the slope of the field. “Is deacair
an fós san a chuir i gcoinibh na leacan” (Mícheál
Ua Loíngsigh).

Meall, a flat-topped eminence with sloping sides and
more or less oval base. The surface area varies
from 5 acres or less to 40 acres or more.

Claidhe sceach, a ditch fortified with blackberry-briars
in particular — but not necessarily or exclusively
so.

Claidhe bogaigh, a ditch made of bog-stuff. Bogach,
bog-stuff.

Bearna mhaol, gap not closed up to the usual or aver-
age height (3 1/2 ft. or 4 ft.).

Adhbairne cloiche, a large, more or less globular, stone,
varying in weight from 2 or 3 lbs to 2 or 3 cwts.
[Conchubhar Ua Deasmhumhna says fadhbairne
cloiche and Mícheál Ua Loínsigh and Tadhg Ua
Ríoghbhardan — adhbairne cloiche.]

Bradán an ghrafáin, a little ridge extending through
the middle of the upper side of the grafán from
the socket to within a few inches of the edge.

Úrla chrainn na speile, the thicker end of the scythe-
tree, from about where it is clasped by the iron
band (biana) to the nearer extremity of the
-tree.

Béim chrainn na speile, the part of the scythe-tree
stretching from the outer end of the úrla to the
right-hand dúirnín. Its length is equal to that
of the mower's arm.
[The mower puts the úrla-end of the -tree
under his right arm; he then extends his right
arm along the tree, and marks on the tree the
point to which his middle finger reaches; at this
point he fixes the right-hand dúirnín].

M. Ua B.

…