L. 339

(1.) Is mór an míothrócaire dhúinn mar
bhíd aig eighmhe orrainn an dream d'fulaing
dochar air ár son, agus do chuir cumaoin
orrainn, agus anois, nach fuil cúram orrainn
lámh do thabairt leo.

(2.) Ní bhíonn cuimhne aig an m-beó air
na marbhaibh do chuir cumaoin le linn a
m-beatha orra.

(3.) As so is íontuighthe dhúinn nach beithte
locht d'faghail air aon smacht is toil le Dia
a dhéanadh orrainn; agus fós, nach beithte
dhúinn dúil do chur ins na neithibh talmhaighe;
acht gur beithte do na daoinibh eagla do
bheith orra.

(4.) Is d'airgheanaibh an reithe do d-teang-
mhadh i d-tigh teineadh é, nach bh-fuil dá tréine
do bheithi dá cur amach nach déine do beidh-
eadh aig filleadh asteach arís é.

(5.) Ní bhídheann, da fhaide bhíos neach aig
tuilleamh tuarasdail re saothrughadh na su-
bháilce, nach móide a thuarasdal é.

(6.) Ní bh-fhuil de thábhact i ré an pheacaigh
air an saoghal so, acht mar chuaird deoraighe
nach anfadh acht feadh aon laoi amháin, agus
gan abhara faoi filleadh go brath arís.

VOCABULARY

A, poss, pron., his, hers, its, theirs.
A, particle preceding the vocative case: it aspirates the
nouns and adjectives following it.
A, a relative pronoun; who, which, what.
An, an interrogative particle, whether, but not translated.
Ar = an ro, an interrogative particle, same as an, but put
before the past tense of verbs.
An = fan, inf. fuireach, or fanmhuin, v.i., stay, tarry; nach
anfadh, would not stay.
Aon, num. aj., one; ind. pron., any: it aspirates the
noun following.
An te, indf. pron., he, who.
Airghean, s.m.g. ghin pl., -gheana, peculiarity.
As. prep., out of, from.

Beatha, s.f.g. id., life.
Beithi, verb impersonal, or neut. pass. cond. mood. of
verb to be; an tan bheithi, when the people
would be.
Beithte or bithte, ind. ad., proper, right, just.
Beo, g. bi. pl. beodha, s.m. a living person; the living:
an beo signifies the living in Exercise 2, which is
from Keating.
Budh, past tense of is; it was; it is also cond. mood
would be.
Bíonn, present habitual of bí: is, does be.

Cionnus, (cia an nós?), adv. how? nós formerly signified
condition or state, as in the words sonas, donas,
prosperity, adversity, but now it signifies custom.
Do, before adjectives and nouns, signifies, ill, bad,
and so, the opposite; nós, in the West, is still used
to signify state or condition - cia an nós a bh-fuil an
t-arbhar, in what condition is the corn?

Ceart, g. comp. cirte, pl. cearta, adj., right, just.
Cóir, comp., córa, pl. id. adj., right.
Cuir, inf. cur, v.t., put.
Cumaoin, g. -ne, pl. -neacha, s. f. obligation.
Cúram, gen. -aim, pl. id. s.m., care, thought.

Cuairt, g. cuarta, p. cuartana, s. f., a visit, sojourn.
Cuaird is found often in MSS.

Da, though, a word placed before adjectives in the comp.
degree, as da fhaidei, how long soever. Dr. O'Don.
Ir. Gr., p. 203. says: "It (dá) seems to be used as
a simple word, but it has not yet been shown what
part of speech da is."
Déan, inf. -nadh, v.t., do, make.
Dian, comp. déine, pl. diana, adj. vehement, strong: da
dheine, how strong soever.
Deoraidh, g. id., pl. - dhe, s.m., a stanger, exile: it is
also written deoraighe in nom. and gen. and pl.
deoraidhte.
Dochar, g. -air, pl. id. s.m., hurt, harm
Dóigh, g. -ghe, s.f., opinion, conjecture: dar n-dóigh,
indeed.
Dream, g. -ma, s.m. people.
Dúil, g. -le, s.f., delight, longing.
Duit, 3rd pers. sing. of prep. pron. dam, to me, for me.
Eigh, inf. eighme, v.i., cry.
Fada, com. faide and foide, pl. fada, ad., long.
Fágh, inf. -ghail, v.t., get, find; locht d'fághail, to find
fault.
Feadh, g. -dha, s.f., extent, length, continuance. Air feadh,
compd. prop., during.
Fill, inf. -leadh, v.t. and i., turn, return.
Fós, adv., yet.
Fulaing, inf. -lang, v.t., suffer.
Go, conj., that.
Lá gen. -lae or laoi, pl. laethe, s.m., a day.
Liom, prepl. pronoun, with me. Is maith liom, I am
glad.
Locht, g. -ta, pl. id., s.f., a fault; locht fhághail, to find
fault.
Maith, com. -feárr, pl. maithe, adj., good.
Mór, com. -mó or móide, pl. mora, adj., great, big,
large.
Míothrocaire, g.id.s.f., inclemency.
Muinnteardha, ind, adj., friendly: duine, m., a friend.
Nidh, g. id. and neithe, pl. neithe, a thing, an affair, a
matter.
Níor (ní, not, and particle, ro = do), not; put before past
tense.
Ort, on thee, prep. pron., 2nd pers. sing. of orm, on me.
Peacach, g. -aigh, pl. id. s.m., a sinner.
Ré, g.id. and rée, pl. rée and rethe, time; the moon.
Reithe, g. id. pl. -thide, s.m., a ram.
Saoghal, g. -ail, pl. id. s. m., a world.
Sean-fhocal, g. -ail, pl. id. s. m., a proverb (sean, old,
and focal, a word).
Smacht, g. -ta, s.m., correction, chastisement.
Tábhacht, g. -ta, s.f., importance, substance.
Talmhaighe, ind, adj., earthy, earthly.
Teach, g. -tighe, pl. tighte, s.m., a house: dat. sing.,
tig: the dat. is used in Munster as nom. and acc.
Teangmhuigh, inf. -mhail, v.t. and i., to befall, to happen;
dá d-teangmhadh … é, if he should happen to be.
Toil, g. -tola and toile, pl. tola, s.f., will, pleasure,
Treun, com. -tréine, pl. treuna, adj., strong, forcible.
Trioblóid, g. -de, pl. -dí and deacha, s.f., trouble.

LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS.

"Imphidhim ort gan cruaidh-fhocal, nó módh
labharta neamh-choithcionnta, do beith 'san
Iris Leabhar gan miniúghadh. Ní féidir liom
a chur i n-umhail duit an droich-mheisneach a
chuireann sé air lucht foghlumtha na gaedh-
eilge, 'n uair fheicid siad neithe nach féidir
leó a thuigsin, agus gan aon duine anaice
leó le n-a míníughadh. Ní cóir a dhearmad
go bh-fhuil aos óg na h-Éireann ag dul i
n-ainbh-fios gach lá air an ngaedheilge agus
gur riachtanach gach nidh neamh-choitchionnta do
dheanadh soilléir dóibh."

Singular.
N. and A. Cat, a cat.
G. Cait, of a cat.
D. Aig cat, at a cat.
V. A chait, O cat.

Plural.

N. and A. Cait, cats.
G. Cat, of cats.
D. Aig cataib, at cats.
V. A chata, O cats.

Singular.

N. and A. An cat bán.
G. An chait bháin.
D. Aig an g-cat bhán.
V. A chait bhain.

Plural.

N. and A. Na cait bhána.
G. Na g-cat bán.
D. Aig na cataibh
bána.
V. A chata bána.

Singular.

N. and A. An damh dub.
G. An daimh dhuibh.
D. Aig an damh dubh.
V. A dhaimh dhuibh.

Plural.

N. and A. Na daimh dhubha.
G. Na n-damh dubh.
D. Aig na damhaibh
dhubha.
V. A dhamha dubha.

Present, Tá mé, ta tú, tá sé, tá sinn, ta siad; I
am agus c..
Ní'l mé, ní'l tú, ní'l sé, agus c., I am not, agus c.

Past, Bhí mé, bhí tú, bhí sé, agus c., I was, agus c.
Ní raibh mé, ni raibh tú, I was not. agus c.

Future, Beidh mé, beidh tú, I will be, agus c.

VOCABULARY

A, his: poss. pron., it aspirates the noun following it.
A, who, that: rel. pron., a ghoilfeadh, that would weep.
An, the: the deifite article, plur. na.
An, whether: an interrogative particle not translated.
Aga, with me: pronoun; see preceding remards.
Ann sin, there: an adv. of place; it is also an adv. of
time, then.
Anois, now: an adv. of time; anocht, to-night; adv. of
time.
Aon-ne, anyuone: contraction for aon neach.
Arán , bread: s.m., gen., aráín, pl. id.
Bán, white: akg. comp., báíne, pl. bána.
B-fuil, is, are, art: v.i., present tense of do bheit, used
after interrogative and negative particles.
búistéír, a butcher: s.m. gen. 0teura, p. -téiridhe,
otherwise written buisteoir, gen. -teóra.
Beirtín, a small bundle: dim. of beart, a bundle: gen.
beirt.
Cá, what, where: an interrogative particle - it eclispses
the verb.
Cad, what: an interrogative pronoun.
Cá'i'l, where is, are: a contraction for cá bh-fuil,
where is.
Cáise, cheese : s. m. gen. id.; nom. to tá, understood -
tá arán agus cáise agam, I have bread and
cheese.
Cat, a cat: s.m. gen. cait, pl. id.
Cófra, a chest: s.m. gen. id. pl., raidhe. Faoin'n =
(Faoi an) g-cófra, under the chest.
Coill, a wood: s.f. gen., coille, n. pl. coillte, faoin'n
= (faoi an) g-coill, to the wood.
Chuáidh, did go: v.i. pt. tense of teidh, go. Do under-
stood before chuaidh - do chuaidh sé, he went.
Cuid, share, portion : s.f. gen., coda, pl. codcha. Cá'il
mo chuid-si dhe, where is my portion of it? Si, em-
phatic particle after noun or pronoun whose last
vowel is slender.
Damh, an ox or bullock: s.m. gen., daimh, pl. id.
De, of it: prop. pron., compound of de, from, off, of,
and é, he, it. De = de é.
D'ith, did eat: v.t., pt. tense of ith, eat. D'ith = do ith;
d'ith an cat bán é, the white cat did eat it.
Dhógh, did burn: v.t., pt. tense of dógh, burn, inf. doghadh;
do dhógh an teine é, the fire did burn it. This past
tense and the imperative are pronounced in Munster
as if written dhóig, dóig, respectively.
D'ól, did drink: v.t. pt. tense of ól, drink, inf. ól.
D'ól = do ól. D'ól an damh é, the ox drank it
Aig ól, drinking.
Dubh, black : adj. comp., duibhe, pl. dúbha.
Dúbhairt, did say : v.t. pt. tense of deirim; imperative,
abair, say; inf. do rádh, to say. Do is not put
before dubhairt, nor is the initial aspirated.
é, he, it: accus. case of sé, he, it.
Fá, Faoi, under, to : a prep. Faoi'n, fá'n = faoi an, fá
an, to the, under the; fá'n g-coill, to the wood;
fá'n g-cófra, under the chest. Fá with the article
eclipses the noun. In Munster, fá is pronounced fé.
Fiacail, a tooth: s.f.g. -caile, pl. fiacla. A thaisbéan-
fadh a fhiacla, that would show his teeth.
Ghoilfeadh, that would cry: v.i., cond. mood of guil, cry
(thou) inf. do ghol.
Gháirfeadh, that would laugh: v.i., cond. mood, gáir,
laugh (thou), inf. do gháire.
Iarruidh (aig), looking for: v.t., pres. part; iarr, ask
(thou), inf. d'iarruid, to ask. This participle may
be translated "for;" aig iarruid beirtín scolb, for
a small bundle of splinters.
mhúch, did quench: v.t., pt. tense. mhúch an tuisge é,
the water quenched it.
thaisbheanfadh, that would show: v.t., cond. mood, tais-
béan, or taisbeán, show (thou), inf. do thaisbéanadh,
to show.
Teine, fire: s.f. gen. -neadh, pl. teinte; do dhogh an
teine é, the fire burned it.
Uisge, water: s.m. gen. id. pl, uisgidhe and uisgeadha.

EXERCISE I.

Atá an cat bán faoi'n g-cófra. Ní'l sé
faon'n g-cófra anois; atá sé aig an teine.
An bh-fuil an búistéir aig an teine? Ní'l,
do chuaidh sé faoi'n g-coill. Cá'il an damh
dubh anois. Atá sé aig an uisge: an bh-fuil
sé aig ól an uisge? Ní'l (or ní bh-fuil sé
aig ól an uisge. An raibh an damh dubh aig
an uisge? Ní raibh; acht atá sé anois aig
ag g-coill. Beidh sé aig an uisge anocht. Cá
raibh an búistéir? Bhí sé aig an g-coill;
atá se anois aig an teine; agus beidh se
anocht aig an uisge.

Idiomatic:-

An bh-fuil arán agat? Ní'l aran agam,
acht atá cáise agam, agus ata arán aig
Tomás. An raibh cáise aice? Bhí cáise
agus arán aice. Agus bhí uisge agam-sa
agus agat-sa. An raibh teine aige? Ní
raibh; acht do bhí beart sgolb aige. An
bh-fuil an damh dubh aig an m-búistéir?
Ní'l se aige anois, acht do bhí sé aige.

Cad tá annsin agat? Arán a's cáise.
Cá'il mo chuid-si dhe? D'ith an cat bán é.
Cái'l an cat bán? Chuaidh sé faoi'n g-cófra.
Cái'l an cófra? Dhógh an teine é. Cái'l
an teine? Mhúch an t-uisge é. Cái'l an
t-uisge? D'ól an damh é? Cái'l am damh?
Mharbh an búistéir é. Cá'i'l an buistéir?
Cuaidh sé faoi'n g-coill aig iarruidh beirtín
sgolb, agus a dúbhairt sé aonne a ghuil-
feadh, nó a gháirfeadh, no a thaisbeánfadh a
fhiacla.